Thermodynamics of rare earths in steelmaking

Journal Article · Wed Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1976 · Metall. Trans., B; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652708· OSTI ID:7121059

Vahed, A; Kay, D A.R.

The standard free energies of formation of the oxides, sulfides and oxysulfides of cerium and lanthanum under steelmaking conditions have been calculated and used to predict the behavior of rare earths in steelmaking. Deoxidation and desulfurization constants, expressed in terms of Henrian activities, have been used to construct a precipitation diagram which indicates the sequence of rare earth inclusion formation. An enrichment of lanthanum in (RE)-oxysulfide and cerium in (RE)-sulfide is predicted. It is also predicted that rare earths should be able to reduce the soluble oxygen and sulfur contents of liquid steel well below the contents presently found in most industrial and laboratory practices. A simple method of calculating steelmaking additions for complete rare earth control of inclusion composition is presented.

• Research Organization: McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario
• OSTI ID: 7121059
• Journal Information: Metall. Trans., B; (United States), Journal Name: Metall. Trans., B; (United States) Vol. 7:3; ISSN MTTBC
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360204* -- Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories-- Physical Properties
360603 -- Materials-- Properties
ALLOYS
CERIUM COMPOUNDS
CERIUM OXIDES
CERIUM SULFIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DESULFURIZATION
ENERGY
FORMATION FREE ENERGY
FREE ENERGY
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS
LANTHANUM OXIDES
LANTHANUM SULFIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PRECIPITATION
PRODUCTION
RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS
REDUCTION
SEPARATION PROCESSES
STEELS
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
THERMODYNAMICS