Formation of halogenated organics during wastewater disinfection

Book · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1988

OSTI ID:7119099

Singer, P C; Brown, R A; Wiseman, J F

The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and total organic halides (TOX) was examined during wastewater chlorination at three wastewater treatment plants in the central Piedmont of North Carolina. TOX and THM formation was evaluated in terms of effluent wastewater quality, chlorine dose, chlorine contacting system, method of chlorine addition, and chlorine-to-ammonia ratio. The results showed that TOX was present in the unchlorinated wastewater and that additional TOX was formed immediately after chlorine. Small to insignificant amounts of THMs were detected. Mass balance calculations and in-stream measurements demonstrated that TOX behaves conservatively in the respective receiving streams. Laboratory experiments were conducted on unchlorinated secondary effluent in order to investigate the influence of chlorine dose, chlorine contact time, initial mixing intensity, and ammonia concentration on TOX and THM formation to verify and assist in the interpretation of the field results. At chlorine doses similar to those common encountered during wastewater chlorination, TOX formed immediately after chlorine addition, but no additional TOX formation was detected with increasing contact time. TOX and THM formation were sensitive to the ammonia concentration when chlorine-ammonia ratios were > 1 mol/mol but not when excess ammonia was present.

• OSTI ID: 7119099
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540320* -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
AMMONIA
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
FEDERAL REGION IV
HALOGENATION
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
LIQUID WASTES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NORTH AMERICA
NORTH CAROLINA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SYNTHESIS
USA
WASTE WATER
WASTES
WATER
WATER QUALITY
WATER TREATMENT