Acute toxicity of beta-emitting radionuclides that may be released in a reactor accident and ingested
Suckling, weanling, and adult rats received /sup 106/Ru--/sup 106/Rh by gavage and adult beagle dogs ingested /sup 106/Ru--/sup 106/Rh to determine the toxicity of this high-energy (1.4 MeV av) ..beta..-emitting nuclide pair. The LD/sub 50/'s for suckling, weanling, and adult rats were 1.5, 18, and 9.0 mCi/kg, respectively. Adult rats were given /sup 147/Pm by gavage to determine if a low-energy (0.06 MeV av) ..beta.. emitter could also cause death by damaging the bowel. The LD/sub 50/ of /sup 147/Pm in rats was about 5 Ci/kg. The calculated radiation doses absorbed in the target cells at the LD/sub 50/ level were approximately the same for the two radionuclides (3500 rad), although the doses at the mucosal surface differed widely. The LD/sub 50/ for /sup 106/Ru--/sup 106/Rh in dogs was about 3.5 mCi/kg. Dosimeters placed beneath the mucosa in dogs indicated that the radiation dose to the target cells that caused death from /sup 106/Ru--/sup 106/Rh was about the same as it was for rats. The signs of intestinal injury, their duration, and the probabilities of tissue repair were much different in the dog than in the rat. The midcolon and lower colon of dogs were usually denuded at focal sites after ingestion of 2.5 to 4.0 mCi/kg, and frequently that damage was irreversible. The fatal consequence of severe mucosal damage was averted in two dogs by colectomy and an ileorectal anastomosis.
- Research Organization:
- Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA
- OSTI ID:
- 7075601
- Journal Information:
- Radiat. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Radiat. Res.; (United States) Vol. 73:1; ISSN RAREA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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560172 -- Radiation Effects-- Nuclide Kinetics & Toxicology-- Animals-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AGE DEPENDENCE
ANIMALS
BEAGLES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BODY
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DOGS
DOSES
EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
INGESTION
INJURIES
INTAKE
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
INTESTINES
ISOTOPES
LARGE INTESTINE
LETHAL DOSES
LETHAL RADIATION DOSE
MAMMALS
MUCOUS MEMBRANES
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
ORGANS
PROMETHIUM 147
PROMETHIUM ISOTOPES
RADIATION DOSES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATION INJURIES
RADIOISOTOPES
RARE EARTH ISOTOPES
RARE EARTH NUCLEI
RATS
RHODIUM 106
RHODIUM ISOTOPES
RODENTS
RUTHENIUM 106
RUTHENIUM ISOTOPES
SECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES