Foreign coal liquefaction: survey and assessment. [Australia, FRG, Japan, N. Z. , S. A. , U. K]
The Foreign Coal Liquefaction Technology Survey and Assessment is part of the International Energy Technology Assessment effort. Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom were selected because they have active coal liquefaction programs, are using or developing technologies that could be used in the U.S. and/or are involved with U.S. coal liquefaction programs. Australia has enough coal but does not have an extensive liquefaction technology base. Other countries such as Germany and Japan are proposing joint coal liquefaction projects with Australia. Germany has again become a world leader in the development and marketing of coal liquefaction and gasification technology. Japan has no domestic oil or natural gas resources to speak of and has very little coal. Diversification of its energy supply base is the keystone of Japan's national strategy. New Zealand's short-term plans are to convert much of its natural gas resources into gasoline using the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. South Africa, as a result of a major strategic decision made over 30 years ago, has applied pre-war German technology to its coal resources and developed the only commercial-scale indirect coal liquefaction facilities in the world today. The United Kingdom possesses large reserves of coal. The need to covert it to liquid and gaseous fuels is not immediate, however, because the country is self-sufficient in oil and natural gas at the present time. The United States, which has the potential to duplicate the positions of both Germany and South Africa as leaders in the development, application and marketing of coal liquefaction technology has not done so because of a lack of domestic economic incentive (i.e., cheap oil) and the absence of governmental direction and support. 232 references, 45 tables, 38 figures.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-84OR21400
- OSTI ID:
- 7043608
- Report Number(s):
- ORNL/TM-8288; ON: DE84013661
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
AFRICA
AMMONIA
ASIA
AUSTRALASIA
AUSTRALIA
COAL DEPOSITS
COAL GASIFICATION
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
COAL RESERVES
DIAGRAMS
EUROPE
EXTRACTION
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
FLOWSHEETS
GASIFICATION
GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
HTW PROCESS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
JAPAN
KOPPERS-TOTZEK PROCESS
LIQUEFACTION
LURGI SLAGGING PROCESS
MINERAL RESOURCES
MOBIL M-GASOLINE PROCESS
NEW ZEALAND
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NORTH AMERICA
RESERVES
RESOURCES
RUHR 100 GASIFICATION PROCESS
SAARBERG-OTTO GASIFICATION PROCESS
SASOL PROCESS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SHELL-KOPPERS GASIFICATION PROCESS
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SOUTH AFRICA
SUPERCRITICAL GAS EXTRACTION
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
TEXACO GASIFICATION PROCESS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
UNITED KINGDOM
USA
WESTERN EUROPE