Commercial-scale refining of Paraho crude shale oil into military-specification fuels
- Standard Oil Co., Toledo, OH
In September 1977 The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) was contracted by the US Navy to refine up to 100,000 barrels of crude Paraho shale oil into military transportation fuels. The objective of the program was to demonstrate that shale oil could be converted into stable, specification military fuels utilizing conventional refining technology and in sufficient volumes to support an extensive engine testing program. Yields of JP-5 and DFM were to be maximized while minimizing the yield of residual fuel. The crude shale was produced by Paraho Development Corp., over the three year period from 1976 to 1978. A vertical direct heat retort was used to recover the oil from crushed shale. This program showed that fuels meeting military specifications and possessing good storage stability characteristics can be produced from crude shale oil, utilizing conventional refinery equipment. The processing scheme utilized in this study requires: settling and a guard bed to protect the hydrotreating catalyst; hydrotreating to remove heteratoms, increase the hydrogen/carbon ratio and improve the 650/sup 0/F minus liquid yield of shale oil; and acid and clay treating to meet thermal and storage stability requirements of the jet and diesel fuel.
- OSTI ID:
- 7019401
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-800814-P2
- Journal Information:
- Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., Prepr.; (United States), Journal Name: Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., Prepr.; (United States) Vol. 25:3; ISSN ACFPA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040403* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Refining
ALKANES
ANTIKNOCK RATINGS
AROMATICS
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBON
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CATALYSTS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CLAYS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CYCLOALKANES
DENITRIFICATION
DENSITY
DIESEL FUELS
DISTILLATION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUEL OILS
FUELS
FUNCTIONAL MODELS
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
JET ENGINE FUELS
LIQUID FUELS
MATERIALS
MINERAL OILS
MINERALS
NITROGEN
NONMETALS
OIL SHALES
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN
PARAFFIN
PARAHO PROCESS
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PILOT PLANTS
POUR POINT
PROCESSING
REFINING
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
RESIDUAL FUELS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SHALE OIL
SULFUR
VISCOSITY
WAXES