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Zinc and cadmium interference with four commonly performed diagnostic tests for lead intoxication

Thesis/Dissertation ·
OSTI ID:7004824

Increases in erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(delta-ALAD) activity, erythrocytic zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentration, urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA-U) concentration, and blood lead (Pb-B) concentration are indicative of lead intoxication and are the basis for determining exposure to lead. The influence of oral or parenteral zinc and cadmium on the toxicity of oral lead was investigated in Hartley guinea pigs. Compared to the administration of lead alone, the concomitant oral administration of lead and zinc resulted in reduced Pb-B and delta-ALA-U concentrations. Similarly, the concomitant administration of lead and cadmium resulted in decreased packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and increased ZPP concentration in blood. Delta-ALAD activity was maximally inhibited in all groups which received lead. Consequently, no significant data concerning the effects of cadmium or zinc on delta-ALAD activity was obtained. This data indicates that delta-ALA-U analysis is an inappropriate test to determine intoxication which may have been caused by simultaneous oral exposure to lead and zinc, and that simultaneous exposure apparently decreases the absorption of lead. These observations seriously question the validity of using only delta-ALA-U or Pb-B as a screening test for lead intoxication.

Research Organization:
Missouri Univ., Columbia, MO (USA)
OSTI ID:
7004824
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINO ACIDS
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID
ANIMALS
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BLOOD CHEMISTRY
BODY FLUIDS
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
ENZYMES
ERYTHROCYTES
GLOBINS
GUINEA PIGS
HEMOGLOBIN
HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
PIGMENTS
PORPHYRINS
PROTEINS
RODENTS
VERTEBRATES
ZINC COMPOUNDS