Ammonia evolution during oil shale pyrolysis
Conference
·
OSTI ID:6928956
Ammonia (NH/sub 3/) evolution during pyrolysis of three Green River Formation shales and one Eastern (Devonian) shale was studied. Most of the NH/sub 3/ that evolved during Fischer Assay-type pyrolysis was dissolved in retort water; the remaining NH/sub 3/ was trapped in an acid solution. Ammonia concentrations were measured with an NH/sub 3/-sensing electrode. We varied the peak pyrolysis temperature (PT) from 350 to 750/sup 0/C and the heating rate from 1 to 50/sup 0/C/min. The NH/sub 3/ yields increased rapidly above the oil-generating temperatures to a maximum at PT approx. = 700/sup 0/C and then decreased at PT = 700/sup 0/C because of decomposition of NH/sub 3/. The NH/sub 3/ yield showed no dependence on the heating rate at PT < 550/sup 0/C and decreased with increasing heating rate at higher peak temperatures. The maximum yield of NH/sub 3/ at PT < 500/sup 0/C reflected the organic nitrogen content. We developed a kinetic model for NH/sub 3/ evolution which takes into account the NH/sub 3/ generation from organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and NH/sub 3/ decomposition. 6 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6928956
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-95618; CONF-870410-8; ON: DE87002555
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
040402* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
AMMONIA
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
DEVONIAN PERIOD
ENERGY SOURCES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GEOLOGIC AGES
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS
GREEN RIVER FORMATION
HEATING RATE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
KINETICS
MATERIALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NUMERICAL DATA
OIL SHALES
PALEOZOIC ERA
PYROLYSIS
REACTION KINETICS
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS
040402* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
AMMONIA
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
DEVONIAN PERIOD
ENERGY SOURCES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GEOLOGIC AGES
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS
GREEN RIVER FORMATION
HEATING RATE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
KINETICS
MATERIALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NUMERICAL DATA
OIL SHALES
PALEOZOIC ERA
PYROLYSIS
REACTION KINETICS
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS