Ammonia evolution during oil shale pyrolysis

Conference · Wed Apr 01 04:00:00 EST 1987 · American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Preprints; (USA)

OSTI ID:5275077

Oh, M S; Taylor, R W

Ammonia (NH{sub 3}), NO{sub X}, and HCN can be released during the combustion of fossil fuels. Various laws limit such emissions because of environmental concerns, so the study of nitrogen (N) species is of particular importance in oil shale processing because both oil shale and shale oil are rich in N. Ammonia is the major nitrogen species evolved during oil shale processing, where it is found in retort water, in retort off-gas, and in the combustor gas with NO{sub X}. During combustion, NH{sub 3} is important because it is also an intermediate in conversion of fuel N to NO{sub x} and N{sub 2}. Effective control of NO{sub X} emission requires a better understanding of the formation and decomposition of NH{sub 3} during combustion. As early as 1865, ammonia had received a lot of attention because it was a valuable by-product of shale processing. The major conclusions from early work were: (1) a large fraction of NH{sub 3} is produced at temperatures higher than oil-evolving temperatures, (2) the yield of NH{sub 3} is enhanced in steam retorting, and (3) the yield of NH{sub 3} is also enhanced at slower heating rates. In this study, we investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, N content, and form of N in raw shale on NH{sub 3} evolution during pyrolysis.

• OSTI ID: 5275077
• Report Number(s): CONF-8704343--
• Conference Information: Journal Name: American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Preprints; (USA) Journal Volume: 32:1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
040402* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
040404 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Purification
AMMONIA
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HEATING RATE
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
NITROGEN
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OIL SHALES
PRODUCTION
PYROLYSIS
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES