Fluxes of chemical species to the Greenland ice sheet at Summit by fog and dry deposition

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 1994 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90048-5· OSTI ID:6829709

Bergin, M H; Davidson, C I ^[1]; Jaffrezo, J L ^[2]; Caldow, R ^[3]; Dibb, J ^[4]

---

1. Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
2. Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States) Domaine Universitaire, St. Martin d'Heres (France)
3. TSI, Inc., St. Paul, MN (United States)
4. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NC (United States)

Experiments were performed during June-July 1992 to determine the impact of dry deposition and fog deposition on surface snow chemical inventories. The fluxes of SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]], NO[sub 3][sup [minus]], Cl[sup [minus]], MSA, Na, Ca, and Al were measured by collecting deposited fog on flat polyethylene plates. Dry deposition fluxes of SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] were measured using aerodynamic surfaces. Real-time concentrations of atmospheric particles greater than 0.5 um and greater than 0.01 um were measured using continuous monitors. Filter samplers were used to determine daily average atmospheric SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] and MSA concentrations. Also, daily surface snow samples were taken and analyzed for SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]], NO[sub 3][sup [minus]], Cl[sup [minus]], Na[sup +], Ca[sup 2+], and NH[sub 4][sup +]. The real-time concentration data indicate that aerosol particles greater than 0.5 um are efficiently incorporated into fog droplets. Results also show that condensation nuclei (CN) are not as greatly affected by fog as the larger particles. Fog fluxes of SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] and NO[sub 3][sup [minus]] have similar values and are approximately 4 times greater than those of Cl[sup [minus]], an order of magnitude greater than those of MSA, Na, and Ca, and two orders of magnitude greater than those of Al. The fog deposition flux of SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] appears to be much greater than the dry deposition flux, based on experimental data. This indicates that dry deposition has a negligible effect on surface snow SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] concentrations on days when there is fog. Such a finding is consistent with significant increases in surface snow SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]], NO[sub 3][sup [minus]], and NH[sub 4][sup +] inventories seen after fog events. Cl[sup [minus]] surface snow inventories are affected by fog but not as greatly. Variation in surface snow chemical inventories makes it difficult to obtain quantitative estimates of daily chemical fluxes.

• OSTI ID: 6829709
• Journal Information: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States), Journal Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States) Vol. 58:15; ISSN GCACAK; ISSN 0016-7037
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
ALUMINIUM
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
CALCIUM
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
DEPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
MASS TRANSFER
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
METALS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRECIPITATION SCAVENGING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SNOW
SODIUM
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
WASHOUT