Rainwater and throughfall chemistry in a terra firme rain forest: Central Amazonia

Journal Article · Sat Apr 20 04:00:00 EDT 1991 · Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/90JD02170· OSTI ID:5400698

Forti, M C; Moreira-Nordemann, L M ^[1]

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1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

During the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE)-Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE) 2B campaign in the Amazon basin, samples of rainwater and throughfall were obtained in a terra firme (nonflooded forest) rain forest at the Ducke Reserve (2{degree}57{prime}S, 59{degree}58{prime}W). The samples were collected during one wet period (April 1 to May 13, 1987) and one dry period (August 1 to October 1, 1987). All samples were analyzed for Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}, NH{sub 4}{sup +}, Cl{sup {minus}} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}, and pH. The rainwater was acidic, with a volume-weighted mean pH of 4.6 for two periods. Rainwater input from the dry period was 2 times greater for Na{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, NH{sub 4}{sup +}and SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} and about 4 times greater for K{sup +} than from the wet period. The ionic concentrations in throughfall were higher than those in rainwater, except for NH{sub 4}{sup +} during the dry period. This enrichment of throughfall is attributed to the interaction of precipitation with the forest canopy.

• OSTI ID: 5400698
• Journal Information: Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States) Vol. 96:D4; ISSN 0148-0227; ISSN JGREA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
ACID RAIN
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
AMAZON RIVER
AMMONIA
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
BOUNDARY LAYERS
BRAZIL
CALCIUM
CANOPIES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMISTRY
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
ELEMENTS
FORESTS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
IONIC COMPOSITION
LATIN AMERICA
LAYERS
MAGNESIUM
METALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PH VALUE
POTASSIUM
RAIN
RAIN WATER
RIVERS
SODIUM
SOUTH AMERICA
STREAMS
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SURFACE WATERS
THROUGHFALL
TROPOSPHERE
VARIATIONS
WATER
WATER CHEMISTRY