Microsomal protein synthesis inhibition: an early manifestation of gentamicin nephrotoxicity

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 1988 · Am. J. Physiol.; (United States)

OSTI ID:6769266

Bennett, W M; Mela-Riker, L M; Houghton, D C; Gilbert, D N; Buss, W C

Aminoglycoside antibiotics achieve bacterial killing by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. To examine whether similar mechanisms could be present in renal tubular cells prior to the onset of overt proximal tubular necrosis due to these drugs, we isolated microsomes from Fischer rats given 20 mg/kg gentamicin every 12 h subcutaneously for 2 days and from vehicle-injected controls. Concomitant studies of renal structure, function, and mitochondrial respiration were carried out. (3H)leucine incorporation into renal microsomes of treated animals was reduced by 21.9% (P less than 0.01), whereas brain and liver microsomes from the same animals were unaffected. Gentamicin concentration in the renal microsomal preparation was 56 micrograms/ml, a value 7- to 10-fold above concentrations necessary to inhibit bacterial growth. Conventional renal function studies were normal (blood urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance). Treated animals showed only a mild reduction of inulin clearance, 0.71 compared with 0.93 ml.min-1.100 g-1 in controls (P less than 0.05), and an increase in urinary excretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase of 20 compared with 14.8 units/l (P less than 0.05). Renal slice transport of p-aminohippuric acid, tetraethylammonium, and the fractional excretion of sodium were well preserved. There was no evidence, as seen by light microscopy, of proximal tubular necrosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome concentrations were normal and respiratory activities only slightly reduced. Processes similar to those responsible for bacterial killing could be involved in experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity before overt cellular necrosis.

• Research Organization: Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6769266
• Journal Information: Am. J. Physiol.; (United States), Journal Name: Am. J. Physiol.; (United States) Vol. 255; ISSN AJPHA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550201* -- Biochemistry-- Tracer Techniques
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AMINO ACIDS
ANIMALS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTIBIOTICS
AZOLES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOSYNTHESIS
BODY
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CREATININE
DRUGS
DYNAMIC FUNCTION STUDIES
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
IMIDAZOLES
IMINES
INHIBITION
INULIN
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
KIDNEYS
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LEUCINE
MAMMALS
MICROSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NECROSIS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
POLYSACCHARIDES
PROTEINS
RATS
RNA
RODENTS
SACCHARIDES
SYNTHESIS
TRACER TECHNIQUES
TRITIUM COMPOUNDS
VERTEBRATES