Control of LNG spill fires on land
A fire research effort under a joint sponsorship between the American Gas Association and several fire equipment manufacturers was conducted on LNG spill fires up to 1200 ft/sup 2/ in size to: (1) evaluate and quantify the effects of high-expansion foams on the dispersion of LNG boiloff vapors from spills on land; (2) evaluate and quantify the effects of high-expansion foams on the control of LNG spill fires on land; and (3) evaluate and quantify the extinguishing capabilities of all commercially available dry chemical agents on LNG spill fires on land, with and without simulated process equipment obstructions. The following conclusions can be made from the test results. High-quality, high-expansion foams provide adequate control of LNG spill fires on land and reduce external radiation effects to the level that supplemental exposure control provisions will not be needed beyond one-quarter or more pool diameters. The 500 : 1 foam expansion ratio appears to be superior to both higher and lower expansion ratios. A blanket of foam greatly aids the dispersion of LNG boiloff vapors by making the vapors more buoyant. The dry chemical extinguishing requirements for standard (sodium bicarbonate) agents, as established from consideration of the Lake Charles, Louisiana, LNG fire tests and tests on natural gas, were confirmed. The extinguishing requirements for potassium bicarbonate, monoammonium phosphate, and the reaction product of urea and potassium bicarbonate were established. (LK)
- Research Organization:
- University Engineers, Inc., Norman, OK
- OSTI ID:
- 6724732
- Journal Information:
- Adv. Cryog. Eng.; (United States), Journal Name: Adv. Cryog. Eng.; (United States) Vol. 20; ISSN ACYEA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
030500 -- Natural Gas-- Health & Safety
030800* -- Natural Gas-- Environmental Aspects
510200 -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACID CARBONATES
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATES
COLLOIDS
CONTROL
DIFFUSION
DISPERSIONS
ENERGY SOURCES
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRES
FLUIDS
FOAMS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUEL GAS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GAS SPILLS
GASES
LAND POLLUTION
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GAS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
VAPORS