DNA repair and radiation sensitivity in mammalian cells

Conference · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1993

OSTI ID:6707110

Chen, D J.C.; Stackhouse, M ^[1]; Chen, D S ^[2]

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1. Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
2. Rochester Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

Ionizing radiation induces various types of damage in mammalian cells including DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), DNA-protein cross links, and altered DNA bases. Although human cells can repair many of these lesions there is little detailed knowledge of the nature of the genes and the encoded enzymes that control these repair processes. We report here on the cellular and genetic analyses of DNA double-strand break repair deficient mammalian cells. It has been well established that the DNA double-strand break is one of the major lesions induced by ionizing radiation. Utilizing rodent repair-deficient mutant, we have shown that the genes responsible for DNA double-strand break repair are also responsible for the cellular expression of radiation sensitivity. The molecular genetic analysis of DSB repair in rodent/human hybrid cells indicate that at least 6 different genes in mammalian cells are responsible for the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Mapping and the prospect of cloning of human radiation repair genes are reviewed. Understanding the molecular and genetic basis of radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in man will provide a rational foundation to predict the individual risk associated with radiation exposure and to prevent radiation-induced genetic damage in the human population.

• Research Organization: Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: DOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
• DOE Contract Number: W-7405-ENG-36
• OSTI ID: 6707110
• Report Number(s): LA-UR-93-189; CONF-9210291--2; ON: DE93007341
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550200 -- Biochemistry
560120* -- Radiation Effects on Biochemicals
Cells
& Tissue Culture
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY
BIOLOGICAL REPAIR
CHROMOSOMES
DNA HELICASES
DNA REPAIR
DNA-ASE
ENDONUCLEASES
ENZYMES
ESTERASES
GENETIC MAPPING
HUMAN CHROMOSOME 2
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
HYDROLASES
MAMMALS
MAN
MAPPING
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
MUTANTS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHODIESTERASES
PRIMATES
PROTEINS
RADIOSENSITIVITY
REPAIR
STRAND BREAKS
VERTEBRATES