Fluidized bed material apples at disposal levels: effects on an apple orchard. [Malus domestica Borkh]
Atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion represents and economical technology for the burning of high S fossil fuel. The combustion residue is a dry, alkaline material resulting from the burning of coal (or other fuel source) and limestone. Although the residue has been assessed as a limestone substitute, the current study examines the potential for disposing of relatively large quantities. Fluidized bed material (FBM) was applied at two rates to the surface area within the rows of an established apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard containing four tree types. The rates were either 9.2 kg/m/sup 2/ (low rate), 36 kg/m/sup 2/ (high rate), or untreated control. The tree types used were Spuree Rome on M9, Redchief Delicious on M9 or M9/MM106, and Sturdeespur Delicious on M9. Cumulative yields (kg/tree) were enhanced on three of four tree types over a period of 6 yr. A 15% reduction in yield was noted for Redchief Delicious on M9/MM106 stocks at the high FBM rate. No nutritional related problems were noted for this or any other of the tree types used. Part of the yield reduction noted was due to fruit size differences and/or differential sensitivity of this interstock/rootstock combination to the altered soil chemical properties. Generally, amended soil pH increased to about 7.0 for either rate, and electrical conductivity increased five fold at the high rate of FBM addition. Agricultural utilization of large volume (up to 112 Mg/ha) of FBM, compared to past research where FBM was used as a lime substitute (2-6 mg/ha), appears to be a feasible alternative. However, rootstock selection for apple may need to consider the resultant changes in soil chemical status from FBM additions.
- Research Organization:
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6597010
- Journal Information:
- J. Environ. Qual.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Environ. Qual.; (United States) Vol. 17:3; ISSN JEVQA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
APPLES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
FOOD
FRUITS
GROUND DISPOSAL
GROWTH
MANAGEMENT
NUTRITION
OXIDATION
PH VALUE
PLANT GROWTH
PLANTS
SOILS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TREES
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT