Identification and comparative genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related nitrogen-containing heteroatomic species in products from coal liquefaction processes
A series of process distillation cuts from a solvent refined coal process were separated into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAC) chemical classes and the fractions tested for biological activity by both microbial mutagenicity and mammalian skin carcinogenicity assays. Qualitative and quantitative chemical characterization of individual PAH and N-PAC in these materials was also performed. The results of biological and chemical analyses are presented in this paper and used to assess the comparative mutagenicity of the PAH and N-PAC from complex mixtures of coal liquefaction materials. Chemical class separation was obtained using adsorption column chromatography. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy were used to identify the fractions. The following PAH compounds were identified and quantitiated: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzoanthracene, chrysene, methylchrysens, benzo(j) or (b)fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, 7,12-Dimethyl-benzanthracene, benzopyrene, and benzoperylene. N-PAC compounds identified were: carbazole, benzo(a)carbazole, phenanthridine, 1-azapyrene, 2-azafluoranthene, benz(c)acridine, 2-aminofluorene, 3-aminophenanthrene, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-aminopyrene, 8-aminofluoranthene, 3-aminochrysene, and 7-aminobenzo(a)pyrene. In terms of microbial mutagenicity using the Ames test, the N-PAC, in general, are more active than the PAH; the principal mutagenic N-PAC agents being the amino-PAH. If carcinogenicity is investigated by the mouse skin initiation/promotion approach, the PAH are the most potent carcinogens with activity increasing with increasing distillation temperature. (DMC)
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 6546696
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-SA-10869; CONF-8210100-2; ON: DE83006939
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BODY
CARCINOGEN SCREENING
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
COAL LIQUIDS
FLUIDS
FRACTIONATION
GENETIC EFFECTS
HYDROCARBONS
LIQUIDS
MAMMALS
MICROORGANISMS
MUTAGEN SCREENING
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SCREENING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SKIN
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES