Chemical and biological characterization of high-Btu coal gasification: (The HYGAS process) I
We have examined the relationships between mutagenic activity and chemical composition for fractions prepared from process stream materials obtained from a high-Btu coal-gasification pilot plant in which the HYGAS process is employed. Fractionation procedures have included fractional distillation; extraction of acidic, basic, and neutral components; liquid/liquid partitioning; and column chromatography on silica gel. A large number of organic compounds in the fractions have been identified by fused-silica, capillary-column gas chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some fractions contain components that are mutagenic as indicated by the Ames salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Fractionation and GC/MS analysis indicate that the mutagenic components are relatively nonvolatile and that they may include neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as more polar components such as primary aromatic amines (PAAs), azaarenes (AAs), and hydroxy-PAHs. In the basic mutagenic fractions that exhibited the highest specific biological activity, PAAs may be largely responsible for the mutagenicity, as supported by its observed loss subsequent to treatment with nitrous acid. Based on the observation that the recycle oil stream (which has the highest flow of potentially hazardous organic compounds) exhibits a mutagenicity well below 1% that of benz(a)pyrene, we tentatively conclude that the health and environmental risks due to commercialization of the HYGAS would be relatively low.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6529917
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-801039-12; ON: DE81023832
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
010404* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Gasification
AMINES
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL GASIFICATION
DATA
DISPERSIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUIDS
FRACTIONATION
FUEL GAS
FUELS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS FUELS
GASES
GASIFICATION
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HIGH BTU GAS
HYDROCARBONS
HYGAS PROCESS
INFORMATION
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MIXTURES
MUTAGEN SCREENING
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
PROCESS SOLUTIONS
SAMPLING
SCREENING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SNG PROCESSES
SOLUTIONS
SPECTROSCOPY
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES