Chemical characterization and toxicological testing of windrow composts from explosives-contaminated sediments

Journal Article · Sat Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1994 · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140107· OSTI ID:6526690

Griest, W H; Tyndall, R L; Stewart, A J; Caton, J E; Vass, A A; Ho, C H; Caldwell, W M ^[1]

---

1. Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)

Aerated and nonaerated windrow composts of explosives-contaminated sediments at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity (UMDA, Hermiston, OR) were characterized chemically and toxicologically as a function of composting time. The concentrations of explosives in organic solvent extracts of the composts and in the aqueous leachates of the composts, the bacterial mutagenicity of organic solvent extracts from the composts, and the toxicity of aqueous leachates from the composts to Ceriodaphnia dubia all declined rapidly with composting. The nonaerated windrow method of composting was slightly more efficient than was the aerated windrow method for reducing explosives concentrations in the composts and in their leachates. Extractable mutagenicity declined 99.7 and 97.9%, respectively, for strains TA-98 and TA-100 (without S-9 metabolic activation) in the nonaerated compost. The two types (aerated and nonaerated) of windrow composts had about the same level of efficiency in lowering leachable toxicity based on reductions in C. dubia survival and fecundity, respectively. Thus, windrow composting appeared to be at least as effective as static-pile and mechanically stirred composting evaluated previously. Windrow composting also appeared to be somewhat more effective for HMX transformation.

• OSTI ID: 6526690
• Journal Information: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; (United States), Journal Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; (United States) Vol. 14:1; ISSN 0730-7268; ISSN ETOCDK
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540350* -- Environment
Aquatic-- Site Resource & Use Studies-- (1990-)
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
ARTHROPODS
BIODEGRADATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COMPOSTING
CONTAMINATION
CRUSTACEANS
DECOMPOSITION
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DISSOLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EXPLOSIVES
INVERTEBRATES
LEACHING
MANAGEMENT
MILITARY FACILITIES
NORTH AMERICA
OREGON
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
PROCESSING
REMEDIAL ACTION
SEDIMENTS
SENSITIVITY
SEPARATION PROCESSES
TOXICITY
USA
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WATER POLLUTION