Mechanisms of radiation-induced emesis. Technical report, 10 February 1984-1 March 1987

Technical Report · Wed Aug 31 04:00:00 EDT 1988

OSTI ID:6514394

Carpenter, D O

Nausea and vomiting following radiation exposure are factors which may seriously limit the ability of humans to perform in military situations and are side effects of such significance in radiation therapy that they may limit the patient's acceptance of treatment regimes (1). At doses of 1.5 Gy approximately 50% of humans experience nausea and vomiting, while at 3.0 Gy the figure approaches 100%. While irradiation almost anywhere may produce symptoms, the upper abdomen is the most-sensitive site. Dogs, cats, and monkeys also vomit on exposure to ionizing radiation, although cats and monkeys are considerably more resistant than dogs and man. These studies were designed to attempt to determine the roles of the area postrema and the vagus in radiation-induced emesis by ablation and electrophysiological studies, and to test the effects of some drugs on the emetic response. In addition, the authorrecorded from neurons in the dog area postrema, applying substances which may be emetic, in an attempt to determine which transmitters, peptides and hormones might function as chemical mediators of emesis. Finally, he have tested the emetic effects of some of these substances given intravenously in awake dogs, with particular emphasis on study of the mechanism of action of emetic agents on the area postrema neurons.

• Research Organization: Albany Medical Coll., NY (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6514394
• Report Number(s): AD-A-199956/4/XAB
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560152* -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Animals
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ABDOMEN
ABLATION
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BODY
BODY AREAS
CATS
DOCUMENT TYPES
DOGS
DRUGS
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
HORMONES
IRRADIATION
LABORATORY ANIMALS
MAMMALS
MEDICINE
MONKEYS
NAUSEA
NERVE CELLS
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PATIENTS
PEPTIDES
PHYSIOLOGY
PRIMATES
PROGRESS REPORT
PROTEINS
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIOLOGY
RADIOTHERAPY
SENSITIVITY
SOMATIC CELLS
SYMPTOMS
THERAPY
VERTEBRATES
VOMITING