Risk analysis of exposure to high concentrations of cold smoke. [Smoke produced by reaction of titanium tetrachloride and aqua ammonia aerosols]
An experimental risk model for cold smoke, a dense white smoke produced by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride and aqua ammonia aerosols, was used to predict the effects on personnel exposed to the material. The conclusions of the study include: under no conditions of operation of the smoke generator model does NH/sub 3/ contribute to severe irritation (which might require medical attention and/or hospitalization) or fatal injury; in a malfunctioning machine from which only TiCl/sub 4/ is dispersed, marked or severe irritation are the major effects predicted regardless of the time of exposure; the occurrence of fatal injury becomes significant for the three time periods studied (2, 10, and 30 minutes) only after 10 minutes of exposure, i.e., no fatalities are predicted for the shorter exposure times; and the conclusions are valid for a properly functioning machine. In addition, there may be significant cases of noticeable irritation due to the presence of NH/sub 3/.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- EY-76-C-04-0789
- OSTI ID:
- 6468919
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-78-0544
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
560306 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Man-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOL GENERATORS
AEROSOLS
AMMONIA
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COLLOIDS
DISPERSIONS
ENGINEERING
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
MAMMALS
MAN
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
PRIMATES
RABBITS
RESIDUES
SAFETY ENGINEERING
SMOKES
SOLS
TITANIUM CHLORIDES
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
VERTEBRATES