Charged-particle spectra: 80 MeV deuterons on /sup 27/Al and /sup 58/Ni and 70 MeV deuterons on /sup 90/Zr, /sup 208/Pb, and /sup 232/Th
Complete energy spectra and angular distributions of charged light particles (Z < or = 2 and A < or = 4) were measured for the bombardment of 80 MeV deuterons on /sup 27/Al and /sup 58/Ni and 70 MeV deuterons on /sup 90/Zr, /sup 208/Pb, and /sup 232/Th. The charged particles were detected by two triple-counter telescopes using combinations of ..delta..E-E and time-of-flight techniques for particle identification. The experimental results are presented in cross sections doubly differential in energy and angle, as well as in angle- and energy-integrated cross sections. For all the nuclei studied, the proton energy spectra show large deuteron-breakup peaks centered at approximately half of the incident deuteron energy at forward angles. The energy spectra for the same type of emitted particle are similar in shape for all nuclei at a given angle except in the region of the low-energy evaporation peak. The magnitude of evaporation peak varies rapidly with target mass. The total nonequilibrium yield of charged light particles is approximately (300 +- 50) A/sup 1/3/mb. The angular distributions for the high-energy particles are strongly forward peaked and are nearly isotropic for the low-energy particles. The deuteron and triton yields increase with A while those for p, /sup 3/He, and ..cap alpha.. particles decrease with A. The total charged light-particle yield is found to be roughly two times the total reaction cross section (sigma/sub R/) for light- and medium-mass nuclei; while it is less than sigma/sub R/ for heavy nuclei. The experimental results were analyzed within the framework of the pre-equilibrium exciton model together with evaporation theory. The pre-equilibrium exciton model using a 3p-1h initial configuration reproduces the experimental angle-integrated energy spectra except for protons. The deuteron-breakup yield was compared with the Serber model. When the breakup yield is added to the pre-equilibrium yield, agreement is obtained for the proton spectra.
- Research Organization:
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- OSTI ID:
- 6464028
- Journal Information:
- Phys. Rev., C; (United States), Journal Name: Phys. Rev., C; (United States) Vol. 19:2; ISSN PRVCA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
ALPHA SPECTRA
ALUMINIUM 27 TARGET
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION
BREAKUP REACTIONS
CHARGED PARTICLES
CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS
CROSS SECTIONS
DATA
DATA FORMS
DEUTERON REACTIONS
DEUTERON SPECTRA
DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS
DISTRIBUTION
ENERGY RANGE
EVAPORATION MODEL
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
GRAPHS
HELIUM 3
HELIUM ISOTOPES
INFORMATION
INTEGRAL CROSS SECTIONS
ISOTOPES
LEAD 208 TARGET
LIGHT NUCLEI
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
MEV RANGE
MEV RANGE 10-100
NICKEL 58 TARGET
NUCLEAR MODELS
NUCLEAR REACTION YIELD
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
NUCLEI
NUMERICAL DATA
PRECOMPOUND-NUCLEUS EMISSION
PROTON SPECTRA
SPECTRA
STABLE ISOTOPES
TARGETS
THORIUM 232 TARGET
TRITONS
YIELDS
ZIRCONIUM 90 TARGET