Confinement and massless fermions in two dimensions
The pseudoparticles of the (1 + 1) -dimensional Abelian Higgs model are known to develop Coulomb interactions in the presence of massless fermions. These interactions lead to a vacuum drastically different from the theta vacuum of the theory with massive fermions. The theta vacuum is known to confine quarks and its behavior is governed by a gas of free pseudoparticles. The main purpose of this note is to study whether the vacuum of the theory with N massless fermions confines quarks in spite of the long-range pseudoparticle forces. To do this we first compute the vacuum functional and show that the massless fermions have transformed the constant theta parameter of the theta vacuum to a sine-Gordon quantum field theta (x) mediating the interactions of pseudoparticles. This equivalence leads to a simple analysis of the vacuum and confinement aspects of the model for both large and small N. The structure of the vacuum changes drastically at a critical value of N = N/sub c/ approx. 2. However, for all N > 0 the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken and quarks are not confined.
- Research Organization:
- Enrico Fermi Institute and the Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- OSTI ID:
- 6416622
- Journal Information:
- Phys. Rev., D; (United States), Journal Name: Phys. Rev., D; (United States) Vol. 18:12; ISSN PRVDA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
645400 -- High Energy Physics-- Field Theory
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
BAG MODEL
COLOR MODEL
COMPOSITE MODELS
COULOMB FIELD
ELECTRIC FIELDS
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
EQUATIONS
EXTENDED PARTICLE MODEL
FERMIONS
FIELD EQUATIONS
FIELD THEORIES
HIGGS MODEL
INSTANTONS
MASSLESS PARTICLES
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
PARTICLE MODELS
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
QUARK MODEL
QUASI PARTICLES
SINE-GORDON EQUATION
SYMMETRY BREAKING
VACUUM STATES