Trace element mass balances around a bench-scale combustor

Book · Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1975

OSTI ID:6215668

Swift, W M; Vogel, G J; Panek, A F; Jonke, A A

Mass balances were established for 14 trace elements in a bench-scale fluidized-bed combustor. The overall effectiveness of fluidized-bed vs. conventional coal combustion processes for reducing trace element emission was evaluated. Representative sampling was performed for all solids entering and leaving the combustor. Elemental concentrations were determined by wet chemical analyses coupled with AA, NAA, fluorimetry, and specific ion electrode analysis. Several of the relatively volatile elements (e.g., As, F, Br, and Hg) exhibited good retention in the ash. Material balances for Mn, Co, Fe, K, La, Na, Ba, Sc indicated no loss by volatilization. Many elemental concentrations (e.g., Na, Ba, Co, La, Sb, Sc, and Ta) increased with decreasing ash particle size. Fluidized-bed combustion was shown to further reduce emission from several trace elements as compared to conventional coal combustion processes. Lower combustion temperatures in fluidized-bed combustion significantly reduced emmilar to vitrain in ash percentage. Because of the unusually high percentages of U and Ge and the low ash of the coals tested, the author felt that the U and Ge might be associated wire also observed with lower radiation doses (200 and 400 rad).

• OSTI ID: 6215668
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
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Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
AIR POLLUTION
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
BROMINE
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL
COBALT
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTORS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
ELEMENTS
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
FLUORINE
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HALOGENS
IRON
LANTHANUM
MANGANESE
MASS BALANCE
MATERIALS
MERCURY
METALS
NONMETALS
OXIDATION
POLLUTION
POTASSIUM
RARE EARTHS
REFRACTORY METALS
SCANDIUM
SEMIMETALS
SODIUM
SPECTROSCOPY
TANTALUM
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRACE AMOUNTS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WET ASHING