Development of aqueous batteries for electric vehicles. Summary report, October 1980-September 1981
This program conducts R and D on lead-acid, nickel/iron and nickel/zinc batteries for electric vehicles. Performance verification testing of contractor supplied cells, modules, and batteries is fperformed by ANL's National Battery Test Laboratory (NBTL). In the lead-acid system, the specific energy was increased from less than 30 Wh/kg to 41 Wh/kg at the C/3 rate; the specific peak power improved from 96 W/kg to 104 W/kg at the 50% state of charge; and a cycle life of over 481 deep-discharge cycles in continuing tests has been demonstrated. In the nickel/iron system, a specific energy of 48 Wh/kg, a peak power of 103 W/kg, and a life of over 740 cycles in ongoing tests was obtained. In the nickel/zinc system, specific energies of up to 68 Wh/kg, peak powers of 131 W/kg, and a life of 179 cycles was measured. Testing of 55 cells was completed. In addition, post-test analysis of failed batteries was carried out. Significant advances in testing capability were implemented, including the installation of a peak power test station, three environmental chambers, and computer-controlled load banks which simulate the power profiles imposed on a battery by an electric vehicle. Detailed charging and discharging studies have identified improved charging procedures which optimize battery capacity and efficiency. In fundamental electrode studies, neutron diffraction experiments on lead-acid battery active materials have revealed chemical changes in addition to electrochemical transformations; a relationship between charge efficiency and state-of-charge was established for nickel electrodes; and a model describing mass transfer characteristics at vibrating electrodes was developed. Models for predicting the thermal and electrical behavior of batteries were also developed. An evaluation of the availability and cost of critical battery materials was made. A preliminary assessment of the battery requirements for the electric hybrid vehicle was completed.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6209717
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/OEPM-82-5; ON: DE83012459
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Development of near-term batteries for electric vehicles. Summary report, October 1977-September 1979
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Related Subjects
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
IRON-NICKEL BATTERIES
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
NICKEL-ZINC BATTERIES
TESTING
AVAILABILITY
BATTERY SEPARATORS
CHARGE STATE
CONVECTION
COST
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRODES
MASS TRANSFER
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
NEUTRON DIFFRACTION
SIMULATION
COHERENT SCATTERING
DIFFRACTION
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
METAL-METAL OXIDE BATTERIES
SCATTERING
VEHICLES
250901* - Energy Storage- Batteries- Design & Development
330300 - Advanced Propulsion Systems- Electric-Powered Systems