Re-utilization of municipal wastewater sludges: metals and nitrate
The most commonly practiced method of municipal wastewater sludge management (land application) is reviewed. Chemical compositions of wastewater sludges (organic and inorganic) are discussed with particular emphasis on trace elements present. When considered for cropland applications, trace metal elements may limit the ability of soils to accommodate waste reutilization. Trace metal elements may be detrimental to plant growth. Further, they may subject consumers to greater levels of undesirable exposure (Cd is of most concern). Problems involving trace elements are discussed. Their potential hazard may be minimized under proper soil conditions, selection of crops, and sludge application rates. (MJJ)
- OSTI ID:
- 6072844
- Journal Information:
- J. Water Pollut. Control Fed.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Water Pollut. Control Fed.; (United States) Vol. 53:2; ISSN JWPFA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
320604* -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Municipalities & Community Systems-- Municipal Waste Management-- (1980-)
510200 -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AGRICULTURE
CADMIUM
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CROPS
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRY
LIQUID WASTES
MATERIALS
METALS
MUNICIPAL WASTES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SEWAGE
SEWAGE SLUDGE
SLUDGES
SOILS
TRACE AMOUNTS
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
WASTE WATER
WASTES
WATER