Hepatic and extrahepatic responses to insulin in NIDDM and nondiabetic humans. Assessment in absence of artifact introduced by tritiated nonglucose contaminants

Journal Article · Thu Feb 01 04:00:00 EST 1990 · Diabetes; (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.39.2.217· OSTI ID:6068825

Butler, P C; Kryshak, E J; Schwenk, W F; Haymond, M W; Rizza, R A ^[1]

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1. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (USA)

It is well established that patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are resistant to insulin. However, the contribution of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to insulin resistance remains controversial. The uncertainty may be at least in part due to errors introduced by the unknowing use in previous studies of impure isotopes to measure glucose turnover. To determine hepatic and extrahepatic responses to insulin in the absence of these errors, steady-state glucose turnover was measured simultaneously with (6-3H)- and (6-14C)glucose during sequential 5- and 4-h infusions of insulin at rates of 0.4 and 10 mU.kg-1.min-1 in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. At low insulin concentrations, (6-3H)- and (6-14C)glucose gave similar estimates of glucose turnover. Hepatic glucose release was equal to but not below zero in the nondiabetic subjects, but persistent glucose release (P less than 0.001) and decreased glucose uptake (P less than 0.001) was observed in the diabetic patients. At high insulin concentrations, both isotopes underestimated glucose turnover during the 1st h after initiation of the high-dose insulin infusion. More time (P less than 0.05) was required to reachieve steady state in NIDDM than nondiabetic subjects. At steady state, (6-3H)- but not (6-14C)glucose systematically underestimated (P less than 0.05) glucose turnover in both groups due to the presence of a tritiated nonglucose contaminant. The percentage of radioactivity in plasma due to tritiated contaminants was linearly related to turnover.

• OSTI ID: 6068825
• Journal Information: Diabetes; (USA), Journal Name: Diabetes; (USA) Vol. 39:2; ISSN 0012-1797; ISSN DIAEA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550901* -- Pathology-- Tracer Techniques
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ALDEHYDES
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DIABETES MELLITUS
DISEASES
ENDOCRINE DISEASES
GLUCOSE
HEXOSES
HORMONES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INSULIN
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
KINETICS
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
METABOLIC DISEASES
METABOLISM
MONOSACCHARIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PATHOGENESIS
PATIENTS
PEPTIDE HORMONES
REACTION KINETICS
SACCHARIDES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
TRACER TECHNIQUES
TRITIUM COMPOUNDS