Electrochemistry of chemically lithiated NaV{sub 3}O{sub 8}: A positive electrode material for use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
- Paul Scherrer Inst., Villigen (Switzerland). Electrochemistry Section
- Swiss Federal Inst. of Tech., Zuerich (Switzerland). Lab. of Inorganic Chemistry
Monoclinic NaV{sub 3}O{sub 8} was prepared via aqueous precipitation and subsequently chemically lithiated using butyllithium in hexane as lithiation reagent. The topochemical lithiation process leads to materials with variable lithium content depending on the lithiation reaction conditions. Up to 3 Li{sup +}/mol could be inserted chemically in the lattice water-free NaV{sub 3}O{sub 8} and result in cleavage of the particles, which leads to highly dispersed materials. In contrast to the chemical insertion method, almost 3.5 Li{sup +}/mol could be electrochemically inserted in NaV{sub 3}O{sub 8}, corresponding to a specific charge of about 310 mAh/g. About 2.5 Li{sup +}/mol could be deinserted potentiodynamically in the potential range from 1.5 to 4.0 V vs Li/Li{sup +} from a chemically lithiated material with the composition Li{sub 3}NaV{sub 3}O{sub 8}. This corresponds to a specific charge of about 215 mAh/g. In galvanostatic cycling experiments, a specific charge of more than 200 mAh/g could be demonstrated for 100 cycles using this electrode material. The specific charges obtained are independent of the applied specific current up to 50 mA/g of the oxide. This behavior indicates that the sodium vanadate host material can support high lithium insertion and deinsertion rates, which make the chemically lithiated form an attractive candidate for lithium-containing positive electrode materials in high-power lithium-ion batteries.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 599892
- Journal Information:
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 2; Other Information: PBD: Feb 1998
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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