Lithium insertion into hollandite-type TiO{sub 2}.
Hollandite-type TiO{sub 2} compounds, isostructural with {alpha}-MnO{sub 2}, have been investigated as insertion electrodes for lithium batteries. Parent materials of K{sub x}Ti{sub 8}O{sub 16} (0 < x < 2) were treated with concentrated acid to yield TiO{sub 2} products that were essentially free of potassium. Lithium can be inserted into the (2 x 2) tunnels of the TiO{sub 2} structure chemically (with n-butyllithium) and electrochemically to an approximate composition Li{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 2}. The lithium ions can be easily removed from the lithiated structure by chemical reaction with bromine; cyclic voltammetry indicates that high voltages are required to remove the lithium by electrochemical methods. The poor electrochemical behavior of hollandite-TiO{sub 2} contrasts strongly with {alpha}-MnO{sub 2} electrodes. The superior properties of {alpha}-MnO{sub 2} electrodes are attributed to the presence of oxygen ions, either as H{sub 2}O or Li{sub 2}O, in the (2 x 2) channels; lithia-stabilized electrodes, 0.15Li{sub 2}O {center_dot} -MnO{sub 2}, show good cycling behavior and a rechargeable capacity of approximately 180 mAh/g.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (US)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 10948
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CMT/CP-97207
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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