Laboratory and field studies on BTEX biodegradation in a fuel-contaminated aquifer under denitrifying conditions. Book chapter, May 88-Dec 92
Leaking underground storage tanks are a major source of groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. Of the approximately 1.4 million underground tanks storing gasoline in the United States, some petroleum experts estimate that 75,000 to 100,000 are leaking (Feliciano 1984). Gasoline and other fuels contain benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (collectively known as BTEX), which are hazardous compounds regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1977). Laboratory studies were conducted in conjunction with a field demonstration project on nitrate-mediated biorestoration of a fuel-contaminated aquifer at a U.S. Coast Guard facility in Traverse City, MI. Microcosms were prepared under either aerobic or strictly anaerobic, denitrifying conditions using core samples aseptically obtained from the aquifer. The microcosms were spiked with aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) and incubated as 12 C. Virtually all of the aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, were degraded to below detection limits within seven days under aerobic conditions, although o-xylene was somewhat more recalcitrant. Under denitrifying conditions, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were also degraded to below detection limits, although this occurred between two to three weeks. o-Xylene was only slowly degraded and benzene was recalcitrant under denitrifying conditions. In the field demonstration project, an infiltration gallery was used to recirculate water at a rate sufficient to create a water table mound encompassing the contaminated interval. After hydraulic equilbrium was achieved nitrate and nutrients were added to the recharge water. Benzene removal occurred before nitrate addition; mass balances indicated that sufficient oxygen was recirculated to account for complete biodegradation aerobically.
- Research Organization:
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK (United States). Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 5964730
- Report Number(s):
- PB-92-121227/XAB
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Pub. in In situ Bioreclamation Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation, p157-172 1991
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AQUIFERS
DECONTAMINATION
BENZENE
BIODEGRADATION
PETROLEUM
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TOLUENE
XYLENES
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
FIELD TESTS
GROUND WATER
LEAKS
MICROCOSMS
REMEDIAL ACTION
TANKS
WATER POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ALKYLATED AROMATICS
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CLEANING
CONTAINERS
CONTROL
DECOMPOSITION
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
POLLUTION CONTROL
STORAGE
TESTING
WATER
020900* - Petroleum- Environmental Aspects
540350 - Environment
Aquatic- Site Resource & Use Studies- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology