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Symposium cellular response to DNA damage the role of poly(ADP-ribose) poly(ADP-ribose) in the cellular response to DNA damage

Conference · · Radiat. Res.; (United States)
OSTI ID:5930571

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a chromatin-bound enzyme which, on activation by DNA strand breaks, catalyzes the successive transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD to nuclear proteins. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is stimulated by DNA strand breaks, and the polymer may alter the structure and/or function of chromosomal proteins to facilitate the DNA repair process. Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or deficiencies of the substrate, NAD, lead to retardation of the DNA repair process. When DNA strand breaks are extensive or when breaks fail to be repaired, the stimulus for activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) persists and the activated enzyme is capable of totaly consuming cellular pools of NAD. Depletion of NAD and consequent lowering of cellular ATP pools, due to activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, may account for rapid cell death before DNA repair takes place and before the genetic effects of DNA damage become manifest.

Research Organization:
Case Western Reserve Univ. School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
OSTI ID:
5930571
Report Number(s):
CONF-8403123-
Journal Information:
Radiat. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Radiat. Res.; (United States) Vol. 101:1; ISSN RAREA
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

560111* -- Radiation Effects on Biochemicals-- In Vitro-- (-1987)
560301 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Cells-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALDEHYDES
ANIMAL CELLS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY
BIOLOGICAL REPAIR
BIOSYNTHESIS
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
COENZYMES
DNA
DNA REPAIR
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENZYME INHIBITORS
ENZYMES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
MONOSACCHARIDES
NAD
NITROSO COMPOUNDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
NUCLEOTIDES
NUCLEOTIDYLTRANSFERASES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PENTOSES
PHOSPHORUS-GROUP TRANSFERASES
POLYMERASES
RADIATIONS
RADIOINDUCTION
RECOVERY
REPAIR
RIBOSE
SACCHARIDES
STRAND BREAKS
SYNTHESIS
TRACER TECHNIQUES
TRANSFERASES
TRITIUM COMPOUNDS
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
XP CELLS