Effect of off-peak electrical storage on the annual cost of conventional and solar water heating and space heating/cooling at three US locations

Conference · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1981 · Proc. Annu. Meet. - Am. Sect. Int. Sol. Energy Soc.; (United States)

OSTI ID:5860515

Lorsch, H G; Crane, R E; Oswald, R L

Novel control systems and strategies were developed which reduce electric utility load peaks resulting from back-up demands of solar systems. Annual costs of residential conventional and solar water heating and space heating/cooling systems with and without off-peak thermal storage in Philadelphia, PA, Daytona Beach, FL, and San Diego, CA were compared for 1985 and 1995. Hourly simulation, best available cost data for supplying electrical service and updated contractor cost estimates were used. Utility costs and homeowner costs were added in order to determine the lowest total cost systems which are optimum from the societal point of view. The addition of off-peak electrical storage to a solar water heater decreases utility costs but increases total cost. Solar heating systems are not cost effective at any of the locations investigated, but the addition of electrically charged off-peak storage reduces total costs though increasing the electrical energy consumption 9% to 27%.

• Research Organization: Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA
• OSTI ID: 5860515
• Report Number(s): CONF-810509-(Vol.2)
• Conference Information: Journal Name: Proc. Annu. Meet. - Am. Sect. Int. Sol. Energy Soc.; (United States) Journal Volume: 4.2
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
140901* -- Solar Thermal Utilization-- Space Heating & Cooling
140907 -- Solar Thermal Utilization-- Water Heating
AIR CONDITIONERS
AIR CONDITIONING
APPLIANCES
CALIFORNIA
CENTRAL REGION
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONTROL SYSTEMS
COOLING SYSTEMS
COST
DATA
DATA COMPILATION
ECONOMIC IMPACT
ECONOMICS
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT
FLORIDA
HEAT PUMPS
HEATERS
HEATING
HEATING SYSTEMS
INFORMATION
NORTH AMERICA
NUMERICAL DATA
OFF-PEAK ENERGY STORAGE
PEAK LOAD
PENNSYLVANIA
PUBLIC UTILITIES
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONERS
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING
SOLAR COOLING SYSTEMS
SOLAR EQUIPMENT
SOLAR HEATING
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
SOLAR SPACE HEATING
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
SOLAR WATER HEATING
SOLAR-ASSISTED HEAT PUMPS
SOUTHEAST REGION
SPACE HEATING
STORAGE
USA
WATER HEATERS
WATER HEATING
WESTERN REGION