In vivo and in vitro release of cyanide from neurotoxic aminonitriles

Journal Article · Mon Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1984 · J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398509530754· OSTI ID:5799849

Froines, J R; Postlethwait, E M; LaFuente, E J; Liu, W C.V.

Cyanide release from neurotoxic aminonitriles was measured following in vitro incubation with both microsomes and liver slices. Investigation of cyanide released as urinary thiocyanate following ip aminonitrile administration to rats was also measured. The yield of cyanide in the in vivo study, as measured by the mole percent of administered dose, was greatest from dimethylaminonitrile (DMAA), followed by trimethylaminopropionitrile (TMAPN), dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN), 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), dimethylaminobutyronitrile (DMABN), and monomethylaminopropionitrile (MMAPN). Urinary excretion of thiocyanate accounted for 48.9% of the administered DMAA, 11.6% of TMAPN, 8.0% of DMAPN, 6.8% of IDPN, 3.1% of DMABN, and 1.8% of MMAPN. Incubation of aminonitriles and related compounds with microsomes or liver slices from rats yielded measurable quantities of cyanide from all the compounds tested except for DMABN, TMABN, and succiononitrile. Quantitative evaluation of the yield of formaldehyde by demethylation following microsomal incubation was also determined. The signs of acute toxicity in rats after ip administration of KCN were similar only to those in rats administered DMAA.

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Los Angeles
• OSTI ID: 5799849
• Journal Information: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States), Journal Name: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States) Vol. 16:3-4; ISSN JTEHD
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560305* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALDEHYDES
ANIMALS
BODY
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CLEARANCE
CYANIDES
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
EXCRETION
FORMALDEHYDE
GLANDS
IN VITRO
IN VIVO
LIVER
MAMMALS
MICROSOMES
NITRILES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
RATS
RODENTS
SECRETION
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES