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U.S. Department of Energy
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Health and environmental effects document for batteries - 1981: the zinc/halogen batteries

Technical Report ·
OSTI ID:5745560
This document is an assessment of the health and ecological effects of the zinc/halogen batteries (zinc/chloride and zinc/bromine) as related to electric and hybrid vehicles and load-leveling applications. Emissions have been estimated for the complete cycle. Emissions have been estimated for the production capability per kWh of battery and for per module of battery. These values are amenable to scaling up as warranted. Emissions of interest regarding ecological effects are from zinc, titanium, and graphite industries. An analysis of Pb emissions, from the zinc industry, their ecological effects, and movements through the food chains has been attempted. Health effects as a result of increased levels of Pb, Cd, So/sub 2/ and particulates, and vinyl chloride have been assessed using mathematical models for dose-response relationship. Risks of injury to those employed in battery-related industries are also assessed. Potential health effects of chlorine exposure from accidents involving electric vehicles powered by zinc chloride baiteries are evaluated.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
DOE Contract Number:
W-31109-ENG-38
OSTI ID:
5745560
Report Number(s):
ANL/ES-119; ON: DE82006987
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English