Health and environmental effects document for batteries - 1981: the zinc/halogen batteries
Technical Report
·
OSTI ID:5745560
This document is an assessment of the health and ecological effects of the zinc/halogen batteries (zinc/chloride and zinc/bromine) as related to electric and hybrid vehicles and load-leveling applications. Emissions have been estimated for the complete cycle. Emissions have been estimated for the production capability per kWh of battery and for per module of battery. These values are amenable to scaling up as warranted. Emissions of interest regarding ecological effects are from zinc, titanium, and graphite industries. An analysis of Pb emissions, from the zinc industry, their ecological effects, and movements through the food chains has been attempted. Health effects as a result of increased levels of Pb, Cd, So/sub 2/ and particulates, and vinyl chloride have been assessed using mathematical models for dose-response relationship. Risks of injury to those employed in battery-related industries are also assessed. Potential health effects of chlorine exposure from accidents involving electric vehicles powered by zinc chloride baiteries are evaluated.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 5745560
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/ES-119; ON: DE82006987
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
25 ENERGY STORAGE
250900* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
570000 -- Health & Safety
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
ACCIDENTS
CHALCOGENIDES
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ECOLOGY
ECOSYSTEMS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FUEL CELLS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HYBRID ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
INDUSTRY
LEAD
MASS TRANSFER
METAL-GAS BATTERIES
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
METALS
OPERATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
PARTICULATES
PRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR OXIDES
TRANSLOCATION
VEHICLES
ZINC
ZINC-BROMINE BATTERIES
ZINC-CHLORINE BATTERIES
250900* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
570000 -- Health & Safety
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
ACCIDENTS
CHALCOGENIDES
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ECOLOGY
ECOSYSTEMS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FUEL CELLS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HYBRID ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
INDUSTRY
LEAD
MASS TRANSFER
METAL-GAS BATTERIES
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
METALS
OPERATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
PARTICULATES
PRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR OXIDES
TRANSLOCATION
VEHICLES
ZINC
ZINC-BROMINE BATTERIES
ZINC-CHLORINE BATTERIES