Effect of smoke inhalation on immediate changes in lung chemical mediators

Journal Article · Sun Dec 01 04:00:00 EST 1991 · Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology; (United States)

OSTI ID:5679378

Witten, M L; Lantz, R C; Grad, R; Seidner, S; Hubbard, A K; Quan, S F; Lemen, R J ^[1]

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1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson (United States)

We studied the effects of acute smoke exposure on lung and alveolar macrophage (AM) function in New Zealand white rabbits. Six rabbits were exposed to smoke (SE, N = 6) and a control group of rabbits (SS, N = 6) were exposed to sham smoke. The smoke exposure consisted of 60 tidal volume breaths of air and smoke which were aspirated by syringe from a sampling port of a smoke chamber. The smoke was generated by the combustion of 20 ml diesel fuel and 0.2 g polycarbonate plastic shavings. The smoke was administered in 8-9 min. The rabbits were then killed and the lungs were removed for lavage. Acute smoke exposure caused a significant (p = 0.037) increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of leukotriene B4 in the SE rabbits; 643 (+/- 30, SEM) pg/ml compared to 539 (+/- 43, SEM) pg/ml for SS rabbits at 3-4 min post-exposure. Lung surfactant, measured as mumoles/kg phosphatidylcholine, was decreased (p = 0.039) in SE rabbits' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 1.07 (+/- 0.12, SEM) -vs- 1.45 (+/- 0.15, SEM) for SS. Furthermore, cultured SE alveolar macrophage superoxide secretion after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was significantly decreased versus SS alveolar macrophage superoxide values at 40 min in culture. We conclude that acute smoke exposure causes immediate increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of LTB4, and decreases in alveolar macrophage superoxide production and lung surfactant. These changes in chemical mediators may contribute to the lung injury caused by the smoke insult.

• OSTI ID: 5679378
• Journal Information: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology; (United States), Journal Name: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology; (United States) Vol. 74:3; ISSN 0034-5164; ISSN RCOCB
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOLS
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BODY
CARCINOGENS
COLLOIDS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DIESEL FUELS
DISPERSIONS
ENERGY SOURCES
ESTERS
EXPOSURE CHAMBERS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GAS OILS
INHALATION
INTAKE
LAVAGE
LIPIDS
LIQUID FUELS
LUNGS
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHAGOCYTES
PHORBOL ESTERS
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
PROSTAGLANDINS
RABBITS
RESIDUES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SENSITIVITY
SMOKES
SOLS
SOMATIC CELLS
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES