Characterization of particle- and vapor-phase organic fraction emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a particle trap and regeneration controls

Journal Article · Thu Jul 01 04:00:00 EDT 1993 · Research Report Health Effects Institute; (United States)

OSTI ID:5640697

Bagley, S T; Gratz, L D; Leddy, D G; Johnson, J H ^[1]

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1. Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)

The effects of a ceramic particle trap on the chemical and biological character of the exhaust from a heavy-duty diesel engine have been studied during steady-state operation and during periods of trap regeneration. Phase I of this project involved developing and refining the methods using a Caterpillar 3208 engine, and Phase II involved more detailed experiments with a Cummins LTA10-300 engine, which met Federal 1988 particulate matter standards, and a ceramic particle trap with built-in regeneration controls. During the Phase I experiments, samples wee collected at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)* steady-state mode 4 (50% load at intermediate speed). Varying the dilution ratio to obtain a constant filter-face temperature resulted in less variability in total particulate matter (TPM), particle-associated soluble organic fraction (SOF), solids (SOL), and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels than sampling with a constant dilution ratio and allowing filter-face temperature to vary. A modified microsuspension Ames assay detected mutagenicity in the SOF samples, and in the semivolatile organic fraction extracted from XAD-2 resin (XAD-2 resin organic component, XOC) with at least 10 times less sample mass than the standard plate incorporation assay. Measurement techniques for PAH and nitro-PAH in the SOF and XOC also were developed during this portion of the project. For the Phase II work, two EPA steady-state rated speed modes were selected: mode 11 (25% load) and mode 9 (75% load). With or without the trap, filter-face temperatures were kept at 45 degrees +/- 2 degrees C, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels less than 5 parts per million (ppm), and sampling times less than 60 minutes. Particle sizes were determined using an electrical aerosol analyzer. Similar sampling methods were used when the trap was regenerated, except that a separate dilution tunnel and sampling system was designed and built to collect all of the regeneration emissions.

• OSTI ID: 5640697
• Journal Information: Research Report Health Effects Institute; (United States), Journal Name: Research Report Health Effects Institute; (United States) Vol. 56; ISSN 1041-5505; ISSN RRHIEV
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

02 PETROLEUM
020600 -- Petroleum-- Health & Safety
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AIR POLLUTION
AROMATICS
BIOASSAY
CARCINOGENS
CHALCOGENIDES
DIESEL ENGINES
ENGINES
EXHAUST GASES
FILTERS
FILTRATION
FLUIDS
FUEL OILS
FUELS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
HEAT ENGINES
HYDROCARBONS
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
LIQUID FUELS
MECHANICAL FILTERS
MUTAGENESIS
MUTAGENS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLE SIZE
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
POLLUTION
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SIZE
WASTES