Electrical conductivity, Seebeck Coefficient, and structure of In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 2/
Indium-tin oxide compositions, commonly labeled ITO, are used as thin films, transparent heat reflectors, heterogeneous junction solar cells, protective conductive coatings, and antistatic coatings. These ITO films generally contain <10%)SnO/sub 2/ and the electrical transport and optical properties of these thin films have been studied extensively. The electrical conductivities can be high, up to approx. =10/sup 5/ (lambda.cm)/sup -1/ with the absolute conductivity values dependent on deposition method, composition, stoichiometry, oxygen partial pressure, and film thickness. The ITO films exhibit varied band gaps and are considered degenerate semiconductors with electrons as the major charge carrier. The high conduction is attributed to a defect structure resulting from charge-compensating oxygen vacancies caused by stoichiometry reduction at low oxygen pressure or doping with elements, such as Sn or F. Thin-film properties are not generally the same as bulk properties. Although bulk electrical properties have been reported for In/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SnO/sub 2/, and for doped SnO/sub 2/, none have been reported for bulk ITO. In addition, studies of the system In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 2/ with >15% SnO/sub 2/ have not been reported. In the present study, electrical transport and structural properties of bulk In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 2/ in air were determined as functions of temperature, structure, and composition.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA 99352
- OSTI ID:
- 5633782
- Journal Information:
- Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.; (United States), Journal Name: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.; (United States) Vol. 65:4; ISSN ACSBA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
360204* -- Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories-- Physical Properties
AIR
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
COATINGS
CRYSTAL DEFECTS
CRYSTAL DOPING
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTRONS
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ELEMENTS
EQUIPMENT
FERMIONS
FILMS
FLUIDS
GASES
GRADED BAND GAPS
INDIUM COMPOUNDS
INDIUM OXIDES
IRON
LEPTONS
MATERIALS
METALS
NONMETALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POINT DEFECTS
PRESSURE EFFECTS
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
SEEBECK EFFECT
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
SOLAR CELLS
SOLAR EQUIPMENT
STOICHIOMETRY
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
THIN FILMS
TIN
TIN COMPOUNDS
TIN OXIDES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VACANCIES