Mass-transport models to predict toxicity of inhaled gases in the upper respiratory tract

Journal Article · Mon Apr 01 04:00:00 EST 1996 · Journal of Applied Physiology

OSTI ID:539222

Hubal, E A.C.; Fedkiw, P S; Kimbell, J S ^[1]

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1. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)

Mass-transport (the movement of a chemical species) plays an important role in determining toxic responses of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to inhaled chemicals. Mathematical dosimetry models incorporate physical characteristics of mass transport and are used to predict quantitative uptake (absorption rate) and distribution of inhaled gases and vapors in the respiratory tract. Because knowledge of dose is an essential component of quantitative risk assessment, dosimetry modeling plays an important role in extrapolation of animal study results to humans. A survey of existing mathematical dosimetry models for the URT is presented, limitations of current models are discussed, and adaptations of existing models to produce a generally applicable model are suggested. Reviewed URT dosimetry models are categorized as early, lumped-parameter, and distributed-parameter models. Specific examples of other relevant modeling work are also presented. 35 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

• OSTI ID: 539222
• Journal Information: Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physiology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 80; ISSN JAPHEV; ISSN 8750-7587
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
BASIC STUDIES
56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
APPLIED STUDIES
AEROSOLS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MODELS
DOSIMETRY
INHALATION
MASS TRANSFER
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
TOXICITY
UPTAKE
XENOBIOTICS