Dependence of refractive index on hydrogen concentration in proton exchanged LiNbO sub 3

Journal Article · Fri Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 1991 · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/3.81368· OSTI ID:5338945

Howerton, M M; Skeath, P R ^[1]; Burns, W K; Greenblatt, A S ^[2]

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1. Sachs Freemen Associates, Landover, MD (US)
2. Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC (US)

This paper reports that the nonlinear relationship between refractive index and hydrogen concentration has been experimentally determined for proton exchanged LiNbO{sub 3}, incorporating the effects of partial and full annealing. Complete annealing results in low-loss waveguides in the alpha phase with small surface index changes ({le}0.02). The anneal conditions needed to reach the alpha phase can be estimated using the measured temperature dependence of the anneal diffusion coefficient. A model is presented which attributes the index change in the alpha base to the addition of hydrogen and the loss of lithium, which is consistent with experimental results.

• OSTI ID: 5338945
• Journal Information: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), Vol. 27:2; ISSN 0018-9197
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
08 HYDROGEN
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
REFRACTIVE INDEX
NIOBATES
ANNEALING
DIFFUSION
HYDROGEN ADDITIONS
NONLINEAR PROBLEMS
PHASE STUDIES
PHYSICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
EMBRITTLEMENT
HEAT TREATMENTS
NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RADIATION EFFECTS
REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
360204* - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Physical Properties
360202 - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Structure & Phase Studies
360206 - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Radiation Effects
080800 - Hydrogen- Properties & Composition