Rechargeable alkaline zinc/ferricyanide battery. Final report, 29 September 1978-28 September 1979. [35 mA/cm/sup 2/, 4. 5 kW/m/sup 2/]

Technical Report · Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1979

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/5282415· OSTI ID:5282415

Adams, G B; Hollandsworth, R P; Webber, B D

First-year contract effort was directed primarily to assessing technical and economic feasibility of the alkaline zinc/ferricyanide rechargeable battery for utility load-leveling applications. This battery meets the requirements for this application with cell voltages of 1.94 V on charge and 1.78 V on discharge (35 mA/cm/sup 2/) at 40/sup 0/C, with peak power density of 4.5 kW/m/sup 2/. Mean energy efficiency is 84% at 760 and 86% at 1110 4-hour cycles in full-cell and redox half-cell cycling, respectively. An updated, upgraded economic analysis suggests a battery selling price of $32/kWh, installed price of $230/kW, and footprint of 8.7 kWh/ft/sup 2/ as realistic goals for a 20-MW, 100-MWh system. A major effort was successfully completed on design, construction, programing, and debugging of a microprocessor-controlled battery cycling system, which is the heart of the cell cycling test facility developed on this project. Other technical areas addressed include electrode substrate evaluation, solubilities and conductivities of zinc oxide and sodium ferro- and ferricyanide in sodium hydroxide electrolytes, mechanism of the slow chemical deligation of alkaline ferricyanide and its reversal, optimal compositions of zincate and iron redox electrolytes, effect of electrolyte flow rate and additions on quality of zinc electrodeposits, cell and electrode design and fabrication, and full and half-cell cyclic testing. Significant technical progress was made in concept configuration and improving performance of the alkaline zine/ferricyanide battery. 71 figures, 12 tables.

• Research Organization: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Palo Alto, CA (USA). Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab.
• DOE Contract Number: EM-78-C-01-5163
• OSTI ID: 5282415
• Report Number(s): LMSC-D-678426
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
OFF-PEAK ENERGY STORAGE
REDOX FUEL CELLS
ON-LINE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
ZINC OXIDES
SOLUBILITY
COST
CURRENT DENSITY
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FERRICYANIDES
FERROCYANIDES
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
ZINC
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
COMPLEXES
DATA
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY STORAGE
FUEL CELLS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
INFORMATION
IRON COMPLEXES
METALS
NUMERICAL DATA
ON-LINE SYSTEMS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
STORAGE
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPLEXES
ZINC COMPOUNDS
300501* - Fuel Cells- Design & Development
300503 - Fuel Cells- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries
440300 - Miscellaneous Instruments- (-1989)