Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Quarterly report, July--September 1977
Solvent refined lignite (SRL), obtained by treating lignite with carbon monoxide-hydrogen-water at 1,500 to 2,500 psi at ca. 400/sup 0/C, has an average molecular weight of ca. 450 with about 89% carbon, 6% hydrogen, 3% oxygen, 1% nitrogen and 1% sulfur with no inorganic material. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance studies, SRL is highly aromatic with one acid group and 0.1 base groups per average molecule. It is similar to solvent refined coal (SRC's) from bituminous an subbituminous coals in C, H and S elemental analysis, acid content nmr and uv spectra, but lower in nitrogen and base content. Solvent refined lignite can be 90% converted by catalytic hydrogenation into ca. 20% light liquids, 15% light oil, 20% heavy oil and gases. A series of commercially available Ni-Mo, Co-Mo, Ni-W, Pt, and Cr catalysts on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and SiO/sub 2/ supports, and a series of synthesized Ni-Mo/fibrous Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, TiO/sub 2/ (..cap alpha.. or ..beta..), ZrO/sub 2/ and SiO/sub 2/ catalysts have been tested in hydrotreating of SRL into liquids. The temperature (450/sup 0/) and pressure (3,500 psi) have been optimized. Ni-Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is the best catalyst overall, but on a surface area basis the Ni-Mo/ZrO/sub 2/ and Ni-Mo/TiO/sub 2/ catalysts are extremely good. Ni-Mo/ZrO/sub 2/ is particularly promising, probably due to the dual acid-base character of the ZrO/sub 2/ support. Related to CO-H/sub 2/O as a reducing medium, a host of metal oxides (possible in situ catalysts in coal) has been examined by electron spin resonance for activity in electron transfer processes to carbon monoxide forming surface bound CO-. Only the alkaline earth oxides have shown activity (MgO, CaO, BaO, SrO). Currently, we believe carbon monoxide is adsorbed efficiently on Lewis base sites (two electron donors) and then migrates to one electron reducing sites. One report within has been entered individually into EDB and ERA. (LTN)
- Research Organization:
- North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 5222539
- Report Number(s):
- FE-2211-7
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
ABSTRACTS
BROWN COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CATALYSTS
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISTRY
CHROMIUM
COAL
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
COBALT
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROGENATION
LEADING ABSTRACT
LIGNITE
LIQUEFACTION
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
METALS
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
PLATINUM
PLATINUM METALS
REFRACTORY METALS
RESONANCE
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL
SPECTRA
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
TUNGSTEN
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA