Catalytic hydrogenation of solvent-refined lignite to liquid fuels. [5 refs. ; autoclave studies at 375-450/sup 0/C and H/sub 2/ pressure 1500-4500 psi; Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Co-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Ni-W-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Ni-W-SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; SnCl/sub 2/; presulfided Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Co-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/; Ni-W-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/]

Journal Article · Wed Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1975 · Energy Sources; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00908317608945965· OSTI ID:7344081

Low, J Y.F. ^[1]; Klabunde, K J; Woolsey, N F; Baltisberger, R J; Govek, M; Stenberg, V I

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1. Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks

Solvent-refined lignite (SRL) can be produced by treating lignite (not dried) with CO-H/sub 2/, donor solvent and high temperature. This reactive black solid softens at about 150/sup 0/C, is soluble in many organic solvents, is very low in ash and sulfur, and appears to be a good feedstock for further upgrading. Thus, a wide-ranging study was undertaken to determine the best reducing conditions for converting SRL to light distillable liquid fuels and/or chemical feedstocks. Batch autoclave studies were carried out in the temperature range of 375-450/sup 0/C, hydrogen pressure range of 1500-4500 psi, with catalysts Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Co-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Ni-W-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Ni-W-SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/,SnCl/sub 2/, and presulfided catalysts Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Co-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Ni-W-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Varying amounts of the solvents tetrahydrofuran, tetralin, napthalene, and FS-120 petroleum fraction were also studied. Reductions without any solvent were studied too and were quite successful. The results were evaluated in terms of the amount of light liquids produced, deoxygenation, denitrification, hydrogen-carbon ratios, aromatic-aliphatic hydrogen ratios, and benzene solubility of unconverted material. Best results were obtained with a presulfided Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst at 450/sup 0/C, operating pressure of about 3500 psi with a 1:1 SRL-tetralin solvent ratio (90 percent overall conversion, approx.20 percent light liquid (1), 15 percent light oil (2), 20 percent heavy oil (3 and 4), 10 percent unconverted). However, operating without any solvent also gave satisfactory results (88 percent overall conversion, 40 percent light liquid, 10 percent light oil, 10 percent heavy oil, 12 percent unconverted. Detailed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies of selected liquid fractions indicate a high degree of aromaticity as tetralins, hydrophenanthrenes, and hydropyrenes.

• OSTI ID: 7344081
• Journal Information: Energy Sources; (United States), Journal Name: Energy Sources; (United States) Vol. 3:1; ISSN EGYSA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010403* -- Coal & Coal Products-- Hydrogenation-- (-1987)
010407 -- Coal & Coal Products-- Solvent Extraction-- (-1987)
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
AROMATICS
ASHES
AUTOCLAVES
BROWN COAL
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CATALYSTS
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL
COBALT
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
DENITRIFICATION
EFFICIENCY
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HIGH PRESSURE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HYDROGEN
HYDROGENATION
LIGNITE
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
METALS
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRODUCTION
REDUCTION
REFRACTORY METALS
RESIDUES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SILICON OXIDES
SOLUBILITY
SOLVENT PROPERTIES
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL
SOLVENTS
SPECTROSCOPY
SULFUR
TIN CHLORIDES
TIN COMPOUNDS
TIN HALIDES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
TUNGSTEN