Epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Although the etiology of acute leukemia is largely unknown, some facets of the puzzle are becoming clarified. Recognition of important patterns in age-specific mortality rates has suggested that events early in life, perhaps even prenatally, may have an influence on developing leukemia in childhood. The racial differences evident in mortality, incidence, and immunologic subtype of ALL suggest either differences in exposures to certain factors or differences in responses to those factors by white children. Hereditary factors appear to play a role. Familial and hereditary conditions exist that have high incidences of acute leukemia. Chromosomal anomalies are common in these conditions. Viral infections may play a role by contributing to alteration in genetic material through incorporation of the viral genome. How that virus is dealt with after primary infection seems important. The presence of immunodeficiency may allow wider dissemination or enhanced replication of such viruses, thereby increasing the likelihood of cellular transformation to an abnormal cell. Proliferation of that malignant cell to a clone may depend on other cofactors. Perhaps prolonged exposure to substances like benzene or alkylating agents may enhance these interactions between virus and genetic material. Does this change DNA repair mechanisms. Are viral infections handled differently. Is viral genomic information more easily integrated into host cells. Ionizing radiation has multiple effects. Alteration in genetic material occurs both at the molecular and chromosomal levels. DNA may be altered, lost, or added in the cell's attempt to recover from the injury.
- Research Organization:
- Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
- OSTI ID:
- 5149358
- Journal Information:
- Semin. Oncol.; (United States), Journal Name: Semin. Oncol.; (United States) Vol. 2; ISSN SOLGA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AGE DEPENDENCE
ALKYLATING AGENTS
AROMATICS
BENZENE
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BIOLOGY
CARCINOGENS
CELL PROLIFERATION
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
DISEASES
DNA REPLICATION
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
GENETIC EFFECTS
GENETIC RADIATION EFFECTS
GENETICS
GENOME MUTATIONS
HEMIC DISEASES
HYDROCARBONS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
LEUKEMIA
MICROORGANISMS
MIDDLE EAST
MORTALITY
MUTATIONS
NEOPLASMS
NUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PARASITES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
VIRUSES