Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type). gamma. -actin gene: Evolution of six human actin genes
- Osaka Univ. (Japan)
- Shiga Univ. of Medical Science, Seta (Japan)
- Tokyo Women's Medical Coll. (Japan)
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)
Recombinant phages that carry the human smooth muscle (enteric type) {gamma}-actin gene were isolated from human genomic DNA libraries. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence matches those of cDNAs but differs from the protein sequence previously reported at one amino acid position, codon 359. The gene containing one 5{prime} untranslated exon and eight coding exons extends for 27 kb on human chromosome 2. The intron between codons 84 and 85 (site 3) is unique to the two smooth muscle actin genes. From characterized molecular structures of the six human actin isoform genes, the authors propose a hypothesis of evolutionary pathway of the actin gene family. A presumed ancestral actin isoform gene had introns at least sites, 1, 2, and 4 through 8. Cytoplasmic actin genes may have directly evolved from it through loss of introns at sites 5 and 6. However, through duplication of the ancestral actin gene with substitutions of many amino acids, a prototype of muscle actin genes had been created. Subsequently, striated muscle actin and smooth muscle actin genes may have evolved from this prototype by loss of an intron at site 4 and acquisition of a new intron at site 3, respectively.
- OSTI ID:
- 5117904
- Journal Information:
- Molecular and Cellular Biology; (United States), Journal Name: Molecular and Cellular Biology; (United States) Vol. 11:6; ISSN MCEBD; ISSN 0270-7306
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ACTIN
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
CHROMOSOMES
DNA SEQUENCING
GENE REGULATION
GENES
GENETIC MAPPING
HETEROCHROMOSOMES
MAMMALS
MAN
MAPPING
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
MUSCLES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PRIMATES
PROTEINS
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
VERTEBRATES