Cellulase and xylanase release from Bacteroides succinogenes and its importance in the rumen environment

Journal Article · Sun Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 1981 · Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States)

OSTI ID:5083108

Forsberg, C W; Beveridge, T J; Hellstrom, A

During growth of Bacteroides succinogenes in a liquid medium with cellulose as the source of carbohydrate, greater than 80% of the carboxymethylcellulase (endo-beta-1,4-glucanase), xylanase, and aryl-beta-xylosidase and 50% of the aryl-beta-glucosidase released from cells into the culture fluid. Less than 25% of the cellobiase activity was detected in the culture fluid. Approximately 50% of each of the released enzymes measured was associated with sedimentable subcellular membrane vesicles. The vesicles appeared to be released from the outer membrane of intact cells by bleb formation, primarily in pockets between the cells and the cellulose, although a few unattached cells with blebs were seen. Many vesicles were seen adhering to cellulose, and they were also seen free in the culture fluid. These data suggest that Bacteroides succinogenes releases hydrolytic enzymes in non-sedimentable and particulate forms during growth by a mechanism which has until now received little attention. Cellulose incubated in a porous nylon bag in the rumen was colonized by bacteria resembling Bacteroides succinogenes, and subcellular vesicles were seen penetrating channels and fractures in the cellulose. On this basis, it is suggested that bacteroides succinogenes cells in the rumen contribute to an extracellular population of subcellular vesicles that possess cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic activities which probably enhance polymer digestion and provide a source of sugars for microbes lacking polymer-degrading activity, thereby contributing to a stable heterogeneous microbial population. (Refs. 46).

• Research Organization: Dept. Microbiology, Coll. of Biological Science, Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
• OSTI ID: 5083108
• Journal Information: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States), Journal Name: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States) Vol. 42:5; ISSN AEMID
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550700* -- Microbiology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ANIMAL FEEDS
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
BODY
CARBOHYDRATES
CELLULASE
CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY
CELLULOSE
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COTTON
CULTURE MEDIA
DECOMPOSITION
DIGESTION
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
ENZYMES
FIBERS
FOOD
FORAGE
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
HYDROLASES
HYDROLYSIS
LYSIS
MAMMALS
MICROORGANISMS
O-GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PLANTS
POLYSACCHARIDES
RUMINANTS
SACCHARIDES
SOLVOLYSIS
STOMACH
STRAW
SUBSTRATES
VERTEBRATES
XYLANASE