FLAME PHOTOMETRIC STUDIES. PART A: STUDIES OF THE EXTRACTION AND FLAME EMISSION OF YTTRIUM. PART B: DROPLET SIZE OF AEROSOLS IN FLAME PHOTOMETRY. PART C: STUDIES OF THE REACTION ZONE OF AN OXYGEN-ACETYLENE FLAME

Journal Article · Tue May 01 04:00:00 EDT 1962 · Dissertation Abstr.

OSTI ID:4827673

Carnes, W J

The Beckman DU flame spectrophotometer was employed in a study of the emission characteristics in an oxygenacetylene flame of the yttrium oxide bands which crest at 597 and 613 m mu . A 400-fold enhancement in the emission sensitivity of yttrium was obtained when a 4-methyl pentan2-one solution of yttrium as the 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone chelate was aspirated in place of an aqueous solution. The emission sensitivities of the two band heads were 0.25 mu g of yttrium per ml. per 0.1 mv. at 597 m mu and 0.55 mu g per per 0.1 mv. at 613 m mu . The optimum ratio of oxygen to acetylene flows range between 3.0 and 3.8 for maximum mission intensity and a favorable flame and background stability. The effect of 19 cationic and 9 anionic species commonly encountered with yttrium was determined. several applications of a flame-photometric method of ialysis for yttrium in the 2- to 10-parts-per-million range are suggested. Droplet-size distributions in aerosols ofwater, 4-methyl pentan-2-one, and chloroform from the Beckman Model 4030 integral aspirator-burner were determined. Impaction upon a microscope slide, which was coated with a uniform layer of magnesium oxide, was employed. The droplet sizes were tabulated in size groups about a nominal size ( plus or minus 5 microns) in intervals of 10 micross over the range from 0 to 70 microns. The special upper-limit function of the log-normal dlstribution function was chosen to represent the droplet size distribution in each aerosol and the parameters associated with the upperlimit function were evaluated for the three aerosols. The geometric and Sauter mean diameter placed the aerosols in the order of decreasing diameter: water > 4-methyl pentan2-one > chloroform. A light-pipe was developed which permitted the various regions of an oxygen- acetylene flame to be viewed selectively apart from the remainder of the flame. The reflections from the walls of the light-pipe also provided an enhancement of the signal. The signal-tobackground ratio was also greatly improved by the use of the light-pipe. In particular, the emlssion spectra of several elements from the reaction zone of an oxygenacetylene flame were explored. The emission sensitivities of the elements arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, platinum, and zinc in an oxygen-acetylene flame were found to surpass the values that have been reported for these elements in an oxygen--cyanogen flame. A flamespectrophotometric method would appear to be feasible for arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.

• Research Organization: Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville
• NSA Number: NSA-16-022028
• OSTI ID: 4827673
• Journal Information: Dissertation Abstr., Journal Name: Dissertation Abstr. Vol. Vol: 22
• Country of Publication: Country unknown/Code not available
• Language: English

Related Subjects

ACETONE
ACETYLENES
AEROSOLS
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BISMUTH
CADMIUM
CHEMISTRY
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
CHLOROFORM
COMBUSTION
DISTRIBUTION
EFFICIENCY
EMISSION
FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS
IMPURITIES
KETONES
MERCURY
METHYL RADICALS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN
PENTANE
PHOTOMETRY
PLATINUM
SPECTROSCOPY
TTA
WATER
YTTRIUM COMPLEXES
YTTRIUM OXIDES
ZINC