THE CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF HIGH ENERGY RADIATION PROSPECTS OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE INDUSTRY
A short review of the application of radiochemical techniques in the chemical industry is presented. A brief description is given of radiations and of the main types of radiation sources. Radiochemical techniques finding extensive application in the plastics industry are described and discussed under: polymerization in the solid phase as a technique for preparing stereospecific polymers; transformation of polymers, such as radiochemical chlorination, sulfo- chlorination and sulfoxidation; radiochemical grafting; cross-linking of polymers; and radiochemical vulcanization. The introduction of radiochemical techniques into the petroleum processing industry is thought to promise considerable savings, especially when processing large volumes of materials. The composition of irradiated products is identical with those of the thermal cracking while the yield is much larger. Further potential application in the petroleum industry is the desulfurization of petroleum products. Radiochemical techniques in the synthetic organic and inorganic chemical industries are briefly reviewed. The lines of application indicated are preparation of nitric acid, hydrazine, sulfuric acid, hexachlorohexane, and phenol plus telomerization reactions. Finally, technical and economic problems of industrial application are listed: inadequate utilization of the energy of radiation sources. production of homogeneous fields of radiation in large volumes; finding sensitizers to reduce the duration of irradiation required by some reactions; finding the optimum conditions for the radiochemical reactions requiring large amounts of energy; and removal of the products of the reactions from the field of radiation before changes start due to a further amount of undesired radiation. (OTS)
- Research Organization:
- Industrial Plastics Research Inst., Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- NSA Number:
- NSA-16-031652
- OSTI ID:
- 4776016
- Journal Information:
- Magyar Kem. Lapja, Journal Name: Magyar Kem. Lapja Vol. Vol: No. 2
- Country of Publication:
- Country unknown/Code not available
- Language:
- English
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