ORGANIC COOLANT ESSENTIAL DATA. Annual Report, January 1-December 31, 1962

Technical Report · Thu Jan 31 04:00:00 EST 1963

OSTI ID:4707015

Ellard, J A; King, C D; Milnes, M V; Hedley, W H; Moodie, W J; Yanko, W H

The objectives of the Organic Coolant Essential Data program are: to measure, confirm, and compile thermodynamic, physical, and heat transfer data of biphenyl; and to establish experimental methods, techniques, and correlation methods for fundamental data on the isomeric terphenyls and other selected organic coolants. PVT measurements on biphenyl were completed, and a BenedictWebb-Rubin equation of state was fitted to the data. This equation was used in conjunction with the spectroscopic heat capacity data of Katon and Lippincott to calculate the thermodynamic properties of biphenyl liquid and vapor from 160 to 1000 deg F. Biphenyl critical properties calculated from the equation of state were in good agreement with the measured values. Biphenyl thermodynamic properties were used to calculate theoretical power efficiencies obtainable in turbines operated with dry saturated biphenyl vapor at 200 to 400 psia inlet and 0.25 and 1 psia outlet pressures. An isothermal drop calorimeter was designed and built to test the calculated network by direct measurement of the liquid heat capacity. Heat content measurements were made on the Pt-20% Rh sample container, quartz capsules, and diphenyl ether. Equations were derived for the specific heats of these materials. These measurements proved that the high capacity calorimeter has a precision of 0.2% or better and an absolute error of less than 1%. Purification methods for the isomeric terphenyls were defined and pure samples prepared. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of the three terphenyls were measured in the liquid phase and calculation methods established for the low pressure vapor and saturated vapor phases. Methods for calculating these properties were also defined for the vapor phase of biphenyl. From derived equations applied to an IBM-704 computer program the viscosity and thermal conductivity data in both the liquid and vapor phases were summarized in tabular form at 10 deg F intervals from the melting point up to at least 850 deg F for biphenyl and the three terphenyls. A total of 78 biphenyl heat transfer runs were made in the test loop under various circulating conditions: forced circulation without boiling, forced circulation with surface boiling, forced circulation with bulk boiling, and thermosiphon (natural circulation with bulk boiling). Other operating conditions were: temperature of 413 to 783 deg F; pressure of 41 to 210 psig; flow rate of 1030 to 11,250 lb/hr; and heat flux of 12,700 to 108,300 Btu/hrxft/sup 2/. Data obtained under nonboiling conditions was correlated, with an average deviation of 6.3%, by the derived Dittus-Boelter type equation: Nu = 0.0166 (Re)/sup 0.84/ (Pr)/sup 0.39/. Insufficient data were accumulated under boiling conditions for a satisfactory correlation. A 250-hr run, made to measure deposition on, and corrosion and erosion of, various metal alloys exposed to hot biphenyl vapor at 700 to 710 deg F and vapor velocity of 7 and 200 ft/sec, gave no significant corrosion or erosion. There was some deposition on the specimens. A main heat transfer tube (Model III) was constructed. Electrical geometrical analog studies were made of wall temperature gradients in the main heat transfer tube in order to properly evaluate the validity of inside surface temperatures indicated by thermocouples brazed into the tube wall. A batch distillation unit was set up capable of purifying 10 lb/ hr of contaminated biphenyl. (auth)

• Research Organization: Monsanto Research Corp. Dayton Labs., Ohio
• NSA Number: NSA-17-024630
• OSTI ID: 4707015
• Report Number(s): IDO-11004
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

ANALOG SYSTEMS
BOILING
CALORIMETERS
COMPUTERS
CORROSION
DIGITAL SYSTEMS
DISTILLATION
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRICITY
EQUATIONS
EROSION
ERRORS
ETHERS
HEAT TRANSFER
IBM 704
IMPURITIES
LIQUIDS
MEASURED VALUES
MELTING POINTS
ORGANIC COOLANT
PLANNING
PLATINUM ALLOYS
POLYPHENYLS
POWER
PRESSURE
PROGRAMMING
QUARTZ
REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
RESIDUES
RHODIUM ALLOYS
SHELLS
SPECIFIC HEAT
SURFACES
TABLES
TEMPERATURE
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMOCOUPLES
THERMODYNAMICS
TURBINES
VAPORS
VISCOSITY