VOLUME DOSE AND GONAD DOSE IN X-RAY DIAGNOSIS

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1963 · Ann. Chir. Gynaecol. Fenniae

OSTI ID:4653581

Unnerus, C-E; Rekonen, A; Vauramo, E; Kiviniitty, K

S>Dose factors were analyzed in 1584 patients undergoing various diagnostic procedures employing fiuoroscopy and roentgenography. Total radiation load of the patient was expressed in terms of volume dose. Thus volume dose can be calculated from the dose distribution by multiplying the part of space between 2 successive isodose surfaces by the dose that corresponds to the interval and adding these products. When the voltage range is narrow and the changes in focal distance small, the volume dose is directly proportional to the product D/sub o/A and can thus be regarded as the relative expression of the volume dose: SIGMA / sub rel/ = D/sub o/A SIGMA /sub rel/ can be measured directly by using a plate- like ionization chamber fixed to the x-ray apparatus. Since anatomical differences affect absorption when taken against phantom measurements, and it is difficult to simulate these structures in a phantom, an attempt was made wherever feasible to obtain direct measurements in patients. The mean volume dose values, obtained by the meter attached to the x-ray apparatus operated at 90 kv, varied from 6 millijoule for thoracic to 1013 for colon radiography. Comparative doses were estimated for patients undergoing examination by hypothetical radiologists using good and poor techniques, respectively. In chest examinations these doses were estimated to be two and 14 millijoule for radiography and 14 and 1030 millijoule for fluoroscopy. Radiation load, incident energy, and volume dose in relation to the gonad dose are discussed. The volume dose is of value as a means of checking the methodology of examination to reduce the total radiation load upon the patient with its possible somatic effects. By keeping a check on the volume dose in various circumstances and when using different methods it is possible to estublish conditions for improved examination techniques and so reduce the radiation load on the individual. It may also be possible directly to achieve, in this way, results which lead to a reduction of the gonad dose. The results are presented of an indirect but rapid method of calculating the gonad dose from the volume dose, which is possible in certain cases. Suggestions are offered for improved roentgen apparatus and examination methods. (BBB)

• Research Organization: Univ. Central Hospital, Helsinki
• NSA Number: NSA-17-036042
• OSTI ID: 4653581
• Journal Information: Ann. Chir. Gynaecol. Fenniae, Journal Name: Ann. Chir. Gynaecol. Fenniae Vol. Vol: 52: Suppl. 122
• Country of Publication: Country unknown/Code not available
• Language: English

Related Subjects

ABSORPTION
BODY
BONES
DIAGNOSIS
DISTRIBUTION
ENERGY
ENERGY LEVELS
FLUORESCENCE
GONADS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
IONIZATION CHAMBERS
LENSES
MAN
MATHEMATICS
MEASURED VALUES
MOCKUP
RADIATION DOSES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIOGRAPHY
SURFACES
THORAX
VOLUME
X RADIATION