THE SEPARATION OF STABLE ISOTOPES (in Chinese)
The methods used for the separation of stable isotopes are reviewed. They include methods based on the difference in the mass of the isotopes, such as electromagnetic and centrifugal methods; on molecular kinetic charac teristics, e.g., diffusion, thermal gradient, molecular distillation, and electrophoretic methods; on thermodynamic properties, such as distillation, chemical exchange, chromatographic, absorption, crystallization, and extraction methods; on chemical reaction kinetics of the isotopes, for example, methods based on the kinetic isotopic effect, photochemical properties, and electrolysis. A fifth class, the method based on biological effects, is also reviewed. Industrial use of these theoretically possible systems depends on the relative physical properties of isotopes considered, such as the relative volatility of given compounds. Energy requirements and capital costs determine the cost of industrial methods, among which are those relying on gaseous diffusion, centrifugation, distillation, and chemical exchange. Electrolysis is suitable for both small, and large-scale separation of lithium and hydrogen isotopes. The electromagnetic method is of interest for separating microamounts of isotopes regardiess of the atomic weight involved. Diffusion and centrifugation are considered as most suitable for the separation of isotopes of heavy elements and chemical exchange and distillation for those of light elements. (19 references) (TTT)
- Research Organization:
- Originating Research Org. not identified
- NSA Number:
- NSA-18-004146
- OSTI ID:
- 4126593
- Journal Information:
- Hua Hseuh Tung Pao (China) Ceased publication, Journal Name: Hua Hseuh Tung Pao (China) Ceased publication Vol. Vol: No. 8; ISSN HHTPA
- Country of Publication:
- Country unknown/Code not available
- Language:
- Chinese
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Related Subjects
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIOLOGY
CENTRIFUGATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COMPOUNDS
CRYSTALLIZATION
DEUTERIUM
DIFFUSION
DISTILLATION
ECONOMICS
ELECTROLYSIS
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
ELECTROPHORESIS
ELEMENTS
GASES
HYDROGEN
ISOTOPE EFFECTS
ISOTOPE SEPARATION
ISOTOPE TECHNOLOGY
ISOTOPES
ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE
LITHIUM ISOTOPES
MASS NUMBER
PHOTOCHEMISTRY
POWER
REACTION KINETICS
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMODYNAMICS
TRACE AMOUNTS
TRITIUM
USES
VOLATILITY