RADIATION CHEMISTRY

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1960 · Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.11.100160.000511· OSTI ID:4122726

Hamill, W H

An extensive review of radiation chemistry is presented with the fo1lowing topics: (1) reviews and books on radiation chemistry, (2) gases (electron impact and reactions), (3) water and aqueous so1utions, (4) organic liquids, and (5) solids and po1ymers. A bibliography of 174 references is given. (D.L.C.) l426 The chemistry of hot hydrogen atoms was studied using tritium of high kinetic energy as produced by nuc1ear recoil. The possibilities and limitations of this technique are discussed using a collision theory for reactions of atoms having a very high initial energy. Using this theory and certain experimental data, it was concluded that hot hydrogen atoms react to combine with organic molecules at very high collision efficiency (of the order of approximately 0.2 to 0.4) in the energy range 3 to 10 ev. There was no indication that collisions at much higher energies led to combination. With most systems, e.g., alkanes, a wide variety of reactions was observed. The systematics of these hot reactions is discussed, and evidence on their detailed mechanism is presented. It appeared that most products were formed by a fast displacement of an atom or group by the hot hpdrogen. There was no evidence for the formation of a common, internally equilibrated, collision complex that decays on a statistically determined basis to the various products. Instead the course of the reactions seemed largely governed by the direction and point of impact of the hot atom; thus sterochemical evidence indicated that axial approach of the hot hydrogen atom along the C---H bond axis led to abstraction whereas approach at large angles to this axis resulted in displacement without Walden inversion. In some cases sufficiert excitation energy was introduced in the hot displacement process to cause further decomposition of the primary product. This model of high-energy reactions is compared with that of thermal reactions, and its general implications are briefly discussed. (auth)

• Research Organization: Univ. of Notre Dame, Ind.
• NSA Number: NSA-15-001425
• OSTI ID: 4122726
• Journal Information: Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., Journal Name: Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. Vol. Vol: 11
• Country of Publication: Country unknown/Code not available
• Language: English

Related Subjects

CHEMISTRY
ELECTRON BEAMS
GASES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLYMERS
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
SOLIDS
SOLUTIONS
WATER