Metallothionein is a reliable indicator of metal exposure in fish
Conference
·
OSTI ID:392323
- Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular mass metal binding protein, which seems to be present in all vertebrates and a large number of other species. The basic biological function of MT is most probably related to the nutritional regulation of intracellular zinc. However, because of its high metal chelating capacity, the protein can offer protection against metal toxicity during exposure. The de novo synthesis of MT is increased during conditions when the intracellular concentrations of zinc or copper exceed tolerable limits or if non-essential elements such as silver, cadmium, or mercury enter the cell. In this manner, the metal sequestering capacity of the cell is enhanced and toxic effects can be attenuated. The use of MT as a bioindicator of metal exposure has been markedly improved by the introduction of sensitive and specific immunological methods to quantitatively analyze MT concentrations in fish tissues. Furthermore, molecular techniques are now available to directly measure the synthesis rate of MT (MT-mRNA). The use of MT as a bioindicator has been extensively tested in laboratory studies and on feral fish in environments ranging from subarctic freshwater systems to marine tropical environments. The results consistently show that an increased MT level is diagnostic of exposure to metals of groups 1B and 2B of the Periodic System. MT levels in female fish are increased, as a normal event during sexual maturation. For the purpose of using MT as a bioindicator, it is therefore advisable to avoid sampling during the reproductive season.
- OSTI ID:
- 392323
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9511137--; ISBN 1-880611-03-1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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